这是Python中的，基本上，字符串比较和一个状态机。

def divide_by_3(input):
  to_do = {}
  enque_index = 0
  zero_to_9 = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
  leave_over = 0
  for left_over in (0, 1, 2):
    for digit in zero_to_9:
      # left_over, digit => enque, leave_over
      to_do[(left_over, digit)] = (zero_to_9[enque_index], leave_over)
      if leave_over == 0:
        leave_over = 1
      elif leave_over == 1:
        leave_over = 2
      elif leave_over == 2 and enque_index != 9:
        leave_over = 0
        enque_index = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)[enque_index]
  answer_q = []
  left_over = 0
  digits = list(str(input))
  if digits[0] == "-":
    answer_q.append("-")
  digits = digits[1:]
  for digit in digits:
    enque, left_over = to_do[(left_over, int(digit))]
    if enque or len(answer_q):
      answer_q.append(enque)
  answer = 0
  if len(answer_q):
    answer = int("".join([str(a) for a in answer_q]))
  return answer

哪里InputValue是数字除以3

SELECT AVG(NUM) 
  FROM (SELECT InputValue NUM from sys.dual
         UNION ALL SELECT 0 from sys.dual
         UNION ALL SELECT 0 from sys.dual) divby3

log(pow(exp(number),0.33333333333333333333)) /* :-) */

为什么我们不直接用在大学里学过的定义呢?结果可能效率低，但很清楚，因为乘法只是递归的减法，减法是加法，那么加法可以通过递归的异或/和逻辑端口组合来执行。

#include <stdio.h>

int add(int a, int b){
   int rc;
   int carry;
   rc = a ^ b; 
   carry = (a & b) << 1;
   if (rc & carry) 
      return add(rc, carry);
   else
      return rc ^ carry; 
}

int sub(int a, int b){
   return add(a, add(~b, 1)); 
}

int div( int D, int Q )
{
/* lets do only positive and then
 * add the sign at the end
 * inversion needs to be performed only for +Q/-D or -Q/+D
 */
   int result=0;
   int sign=0;
   if( D < 0 ) {
      D=sub(0,D);
      if( Q<0 )
         Q=sub(0,Q);
      else
         sign=1;
   } else {
      if( Q<0 ) {
         Q=sub(0,Q);
         sign=1;
      } 
   }
   while(D>=Q) {
      D = sub( D, Q );
      result++;
   }
/*
* Apply sign
*/
   if( sign )
      result = sub(0,result);
   return result;
}

int main( int argc, char ** argv ) 
{
    printf( "2 plus 3=%d\n", add(2,3) );
    printf( "22 div 3=%d\n", div(22,3) );
    printf( "-22 div 3=%d\n", div(-22,3) );
    printf( "-22 div -3=%d\n", div(-22,-3) );
    printf( "22 div 03=%d\n", div(22,-3) );
    return 0;
}

有人说……首先让它工作。注意，该算法应该适用于负Q…

在PHP中使用BC数学:

<?php
    $a = 12345;
    $b = bcdiv($a, 3);   
?>

MySQL(来自Oracle的采访)

> SELECT 12345 DIV 3;

帕斯卡:

a:= 12345;
b:= a div 3;

X86-64汇编语言:

mov  r8, 3
xor  rdx, rdx   
mov  rax, 12345
idiv r8

以下是我的解决方案:

public static int div_by_3(long a) {
    a <<= 30;
    for(int i = 2; i <= 32 ; i <<= 1) {
        a = add(a, a >> i);
    }
    return (int) (a >> 32);
}

public static long add(long a, long b) {
    long carry = (a & b) << 1;
    long sum = (a ^ b);
    return carry == 0 ? sum : add(carry, sum);
}

首先，请注意

1/3 = 1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64 + ...

现在，剩下的很简单!

a/3 = a * 1/3  
a/3 = a * (1/4 + 1/16 + 1/64 + ...)
a/3 = a/4 + a/16 + 1/64 + ...
a/3 = a >> 2 + a >> 4 + a >> 6 + ...

现在我们要做的就是把a的这些位移位值加在一起!哦!但是我们不能做加法，所以我们必须使用位操作符来编写一个加法函数!如果您熟悉逐位操作符，那么我的解决方案应该看起来相当简单……但以防你不懂，我会在最后讲一个例子。

另一件需要注意的事情是，首先我左移30!这是为了确保分数不会四舍五入。

11 + 6

1011 + 0110  
sum = 1011 ^ 0110 = 1101  
carry = (1011 & 0110) << 1 = 0010 << 1 = 0100  
Now you recurse!

1101 + 0100  
sum = 1101 ^ 0100 = 1001  
carry = (1101 & 0100) << 1 = 0100 << 1 = 1000  
Again!

1001 + 1000  
sum = 1001 ^ 1000 = 0001  
carry = (1001 & 1000) << 1 = 1000 << 1 = 10000  
One last time!

0001 + 10000
sum = 0001 ^ 10000 = 10001 = 17  
carry = (0001 & 10000) << 1 = 0

Done!

这就是你小时候学过的简单加法!

111
 1011
+0110
-----
10001

这个实现失败了，因为我们不能把方程的所有项相加:

a / 3 = a/4 + a/4^2 + a/4^3 + ... + a/4^i + ... = f(a, i) + a * 1/3 * 1/4^i
f(a, i) = a/4 + a/4^2 + ... + a/4^i

假设div_by_3(a) = x的结果，则x <= floor(f(a, i)) < a / 3。当a = 3k时，我们得到错误的答案。