如何将一个数除3而不使用*、/、+、-、%等运算符?
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如何将一个数除3而不使用*、/、+、-、%等运算符?
号码可以有签名,也可以没有签名。
当前回答
这是一个执行所需操作的简单函数。但是它需要+操作符,所以你所要做的就是用位操作符来加值:
// replaces the + operator
int add(int x, int y)
{
while (x) {
int t = (x & y) << 1;
y ^= x;
x = t;
}
return y;
}
int divideby3(int num)
{
int sum = 0;
while (num > 3) {
sum = add(num >> 2, sum);
num = add(num >> 2, num & 3);
}
if (num == 3)
sum = add(sum, 1);
return sum;
}
正如吉姆评论的那样,这是可行的,因为:
N = 4 * a + b N / 3 = a + (a + b) / 3 sum += an = a + b,然后迭代 当a == 0 (n < 4)时,sum += floor(n / 3);即1,如果n == 3,否则为0
其他回答
使用itoa转换为以3为基数的字符串。去掉最后一个小调,转换回10进制。
// Note: itoa is non-standard but actual implementations
// don't seem to handle negative when base != 10.
int div3(int i) {
char str[42];
sprintf(str, "%d", INT_MIN); // Put minus sign at str[0]
if (i>0) // Remove sign if positive
str[0] = ' ';
itoa(abs(i), &str[1], 3); // Put ternary absolute value starting at str[1]
str[strlen(&str[1])] = '\0'; // Drop last digit
return strtol(str, NULL, 3); // Read back result
}
你可以考虑用图或树状结构来解决这个问题。基本上生成的顶点数与要除以3的数一样多。然后继续将每个未配对的顶点与其他两个顶点配对。
粗糙的伪代码:
function divide(int num)
while(num!=0)
Add a new vertice to vertiexList.
num--
quotient = 0
for each in vertexList(lets call this vertex A)
if vertexList not empty
Add an edge between A and another vertex(say B)
else
your Remainder is 1 and Quotient is quotient
if vertexList not empty
Add an edge between A and another vertex(say C)
else
your remainder is 2 and Quotient is quotient
quotient++
remove A, B, C from vertexList
Remainder is 0 and Quotient is quotient
这显然是可以优化的,复杂度取决于你的数字有多大,但它应该工作,只要你能做++和——。 这就像数更酷的东西一样。
使用fma()库函数的解决方案,适用于任何正数:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
int number = 8;//Any +ve no.
int temp = 3, result = 0;
while(temp <= number){
temp = fma(temp, 1, 3); //fma(a, b, c) is a library function and returns (a*b) + c.
result = fma(result, 1, 1);
}
printf("\n\n%d divided by 3 = %d\n", number, result);
}
请看我的另一个答案。
如果你提醒自己标准的学校除法方法,用二进制来做,你会发现在3的情况下,你只是在有限的一组值中除法和减法(在这种情况下,从0到5)。这些可以用switch语句处理,以摆脱算术运算符。
static unsigned lamediv3(unsigned n)
{
unsigned result = 0, remainder = 0, mask = 0x80000000;
// Go through all bits of n from MSB to LSB.
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++, mask >>= 1)
{
result <<= 1;
// Shift in the next bit of n into remainder.
remainder = remainder << 1 | !!(n & mask);
// Divide remainder by 3, update result and remainer.
// If remainder is less than 3, it remains intact.
switch (remainder)
{
case 3:
result |= 1;
remainder = 0;
break;
case 4:
result |= 1;
remainder = 1;
break;
case 5:
result |= 1;
remainder = 2;
break;
}
}
return result;
}
#include <cstdio>
int main()
{
// Verify for all possible values of a 32-bit unsigned integer.
unsigned i = 0;
do
{
unsigned d = lamediv3(i);
if (i / 3 != d)
{
printf("failed for %u: %u != %u\n", i, d, i / 3);
return 1;
}
}
while (++i != 0);
}
我认为正确的答案是:
为什么不用基本运算符来做基本运算呢?