如何将SQLAlchemy行对象转换为Python字典?

是否有一种简单的方法来遍历列名和值对?

我的SQLAlchemy版本是0.5.6

下面是我尝试使用dict(row)的示例代码:

import sqlalchemy
from sqlalchemy import *
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

print "sqlalchemy version:",sqlalchemy.__version__ 

engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False)
metadata = MetaData()
users_table = Table('users', metadata,
     Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
     Column('name', String),
)
metadata.create_all(engine) 

class User(declarative_base()):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(String)
    
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = Session()

user1 = User("anurag")
session.add(user1)
session.commit()

# uncommenting next line throws exception 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable'
#print dict(user1)
# this one also throws 'TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable'
for u in session.query(User).all():
    print dict(u)

在我的系统输出上运行这段代码:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "untitled-1.py", line 37, in <module>
    print dict(u)
TypeError: 'User' object is not iterable

当前回答

from sqlalchemy.orm import class_mapper

def asdict(obj):
    return dict((col.name, getattr(obj, col.name))
                for col in class_mapper(obj.__class__).mapped_table.c)

2010-03-16 13:24:01

其他回答

def to_dict(row):
    return {column.name: getattr(row, row.__mapper__.get_property_by_column(column).key) for column in row.__table__.columns}


for u in session.query(User).all():
    print(to_dict(u))

这个函数可能会有帮助。当属性名与列名不同时，我找不到更好的解决方案来解决问题。

2019-03-26 10:08:58

@zzzeek在评论中写道:

注意，这是现代版本的正确答案 SQLAlchemy，假设“row”是核心行对象，而不是orm映射对象实例。

for row in resultproxy:
    row_as_dict = row._mapping  # SQLAlchemy 1.4 and greater
    # row_as_dict = dict(row)  # SQLAlchemy 1.3 and earlier

行背景。_mapping, SQLAlchemy 1.4新增:https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/stable/core/connections.html#sqlalchemy.engine.Row._mapping

2009-12-24 12:45:04

我是一个新晋的Python程序员，遇到了使用join表获取JSON的问题。使用这里的答案中的信息，我构建了一个函数，将合理的结果返回到JSON，其中包括表名，避免使用别名或字段冲突。

简单地传递会话查询的结果:

test = Session()。查询(VMInfo、客户). join(客户).order_by (VMInfo.vm_name) .limit (50) .offset (10)

json = sqlAl2json（test）

def sqlAl2json(self, result):
    arr = []
    for rs in result.all():
        proc = []
        try:
            iterator = iter(rs)
        except TypeError:
            proc.append(rs)
        else:
            for t in rs:
                proc.append(t)

        dict = {}
        for p in proc:
            tname = type(p).__name__
            for d in dir(p):
                if d.startswith('_') | d.startswith('metadata'):
                    pass
                else:
                    key = '%s_%s' %(tname, d)
                    dict[key] = getattr(p, d)
        arr.append(dict)
    return json.dumps(arr)

2015-11-24 15:45:49

正如@balki提到的:

如果您正在查询特定的字段，可以使用_asdict()方法，因为它作为KeyedTuple返回。

In [1]: foo = db.session.query(Topic.name).first()
In [2]: foo._asdict()
Out[2]: {'name': u'blah'}

然而，如果您没有指定列，则可以使用其他建议的方法之一——例如@charlax提供的方法。注意，此方法仅对2.7+有效。

In [1]: foo = db.session.query(Topic).first()
In [2]: {x.name: getattr(foo, x.name) for x in foo.__table__.columns}
Out[2]: {'name': u'blah'}

2014-07-15 00:47:36

为了完成@Anurag Uniyal的回答，这里有一个递归地遵循关系的方法:

from sqlalchemy.inspection import inspect

def to_dict(obj, with_relationships=True):
    d = {}
    for column in obj.__table__.columns:
        if with_relationships and len(column.foreign_keys) > 0:
             # Skip foreign keys
            continue
        d[column.name] = getattr(obj, column.name)

    if with_relationships:
        for relationship in inspect(type(obj)).relationships:
            val = getattr(obj, relationship.key)
            d[relationship.key] = to_dict(val) if val else None
    return d

class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    first_name = Column(TEXT)
    address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('addresses.id')
    address = relationship('Address')

class Address(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'addresses'
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    city = Column(TEXT)


user = User(first_name='Nathan', address=Address(city='Lyon'))
# Add and commit user to session to create ids

to_dict(user)
# {'id': 1, 'first_name': 'Nathan', 'address': {'city': 'Lyon'}}
to_dict(user, with_relationship=False)
# {'id': 1, 'first_name': 'Nathan', 'address_id': 1}

2019-05-23 10:45:21

如何将SQLAlchemy行对象转换为Python字典?

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