在我的Objective-C项目中,我经常使用一个全局常量文件来存储像通知名称和NSUserDefaults键这样的东西。它看起来是这样的:

@interface GlobalConstants : NSObject

extern NSString *someNotification;

@end

@implementation GlobalConstants

NSString *someNotification = @"aaaaNotification";

@end

我如何在Swift中做完全相同的事情?


结构作为命名空间

在我看来,处理这类常量的最好方法是创建一个Struct。

struct Constants {
    static let someNotification = "TEST"
}

然后,例如,在你的代码中这样调用它:

print(Constants.someNotification)

嵌套

如果你想要一个更好的组织,我建议你使用分段子结构

struct K {
    struct NotificationKey {
        static let Welcome = "kWelcomeNotif"
    }

    struct Path {
        static let Documents = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.DocumentDirectory, .UserDomainMask, true)[0] as String
        static let Tmp = NSTemporaryDirectory()
    }
}

然后您可以使用实例K.Path.Tmp

现实世界的例子

这只是一个技术解决方案,在我的代码中的实际实现看起来更像:

struct GraphicColors {

    static let grayDark = UIColor(0.2)
    static let grayUltraDark = UIColor(0.1)

    static let brown  = UIColor(rgb: 126, 99, 89)
    // etc.
}

and


enum Env: String {
    case debug
    case testFlight
    case appStore
}

struct App {
    struct Folders {
        static let documents: NSString = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(.documentDirectory, .userDomainMask, true)[0] as NSString
        static let temporary: NSString = NSTemporaryDirectory() as NSString
    }
    static let version: String = Bundle.main.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleShortVersionString") as! String
    static let build: String = Bundle.main.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleVersion") as! String

    // This is private because the use of 'appConfiguration' is preferred.
    private static let isTestFlight = Bundle.main.appStoreReceiptURL?.lastPathComponent == "sandboxReceipt"

    // This can be used to add debug statements.
    static var isDebug: Bool {
        #if DEBUG
        return true
        #else
        return false
        #endif
    }

    static var env: Env {
        if isDebug {
            return .debug
        } else if isTestFlight {
            return .testFlight
        } else {
            return .appStore
        }
    }
}

或者只在GlobalConstants.swift中:

import Foundation

let someNotification = "aaaaNotification"

虽然我更喜欢@Francescu的方式(使用带有静态属性的结构体),但你也可以定义全局常量和变量:

let someNotification = "TEST"

但是请注意,与局部变量/常量和类/结构属性不同,全局变量是隐式惰性的,这意味着它们在第一次访问时被初始化。

建议阅读:全局变量和局部变量,以及Swift中的全局变量都不是变量


Constant.swift

import Foundation

let kBaseURL = NSURL(string: "http://www.example.com/")

ViewController.swift

var manager = AFHTTPRequestOperationManager(baseURL: kBaseURL)

正如其他人所提到的,在类之外声明的任何东西都是全局的。

你也可以创建单例对象:

class TestClass {
    static let sharedInstance = TestClass()
    // Anything else goes here
    var number = 0
}

当你想要使用这个类中的一些东西时,你可以这样写:

TestClass.sharedInstance.number = 1

如果您现在从项目的任何地方写入println(TestClass.sharedInstance.number),您将向日志中输出1。这适用于所有类型的对象。

tl;dr:任何时候你想让一个类中的所有东西都是全局的,在类中添加静态let sharedInstance = YourClassName(),并用前缀YourClassName.sharedInstance来处理类的所有值


考虑枚举。这些可以在逻辑上分解为单独的用例。

enum UserDefaultsKeys: String {
    case SomeNotification = "aaaaNotification"
    case DeviceToken = "deviceToken"
}

enum PhotoMetaKeys: String {
    case Orientation = "orientation_hv"
    case Size = "size"
    case DateTaken = "date_taken"
}

一个独特的好处发生在你有一个互斥选项的情况下,比如:

for (key, value) in photoConfigurationFile {
    guard let key = PhotoMetaKeys(rawvalue: key) else {
        continue // invalid key, ignore it
    }
    switch (key) {
    case.Orientation: {
        photo.orientation = value
    }
    case.Size: {
        photo.size = value
    }
    }
}

在本例中,您将收到一个编译错误,因为您没有处理PhotoMetaKeys.DateTaken的情况。


我来晚会晚了一点。

不管这里是我如何管理常量文件,以便它对开发人员更有意义,而写代码在swift。

网址:

//URLConstants.swift

  struct APPURL {

    private struct Domains {
        static let Dev = "http://test-dev.cloudapp.net"
        static let UAT = "http://test-UAT.com"
        static let Local = "192.145.1.1"
        static let QA = "testAddress.qa.com"
    }

    private  struct Routes {
        static let Api = "/api/mobile"
    }

    private  static let Domain = Domains.Dev
    private  static let Route = Routes.Api
    private  static let BaseURL = Domain + Route

    static var FacebookLogin: String {
        return BaseURL  + "/auth/facebook"
    }
}

CUSTOMFONTS:

//FontsConstants.swift
struct FontNames {

    static let LatoName = "Lato"
    struct Lato {
        static let LatoBold = "Lato-Bold"
        static let LatoMedium = "Lato-Medium"
        static let LatoRegular = "Lato-Regular"
        static let LatoExtraBold = "Lato-ExtraBold"
    }
}

应用程序中使用的所有键

//KeyConstants.swift
    struct Key {

        static let DeviceType = "iOS"
        struct Beacon{
            static let ONEXUUID = "xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx"
        }

        struct UserDefaults {
            static let k_App_Running_FirstTime = "userRunningAppFirstTime"
        }

        struct Headers {
            static let Authorization = "Authorization"
            static let ContentType = "Content-Type"
        }
        struct Google{
            static let placesKey = "some key here"//for photos
            static let serverKey = "some key here"
        }

        struct ErrorMessage{
            static let listNotFound = "ERROR_LIST_NOT_FOUND"
            static let validationError = "ERROR_VALIDATION"
        }
    }

颜色常数:

//ColorConstants.swift
struct AppColor {

    private struct Alphas {
        static let Opaque = CGFloat(1)
        static let SemiOpaque = CGFloat(0.8)
        static let SemiTransparent = CGFloat(0.5)
        static let Transparent = CGFloat(0.3)
    }

    static let appPrimaryColor =  UIColor.white.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
    static let appSecondaryColor =  UIColor.blue.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Opaque)

    struct TextColors {
        static let Error = AppColor.appSecondaryColor
        static let Success = UIColor(red: 0.1303, green: 0.9915, blue: 0.0233, alpha: Alphas.Opaque) 
    }

    struct TabBarColors{
        static let Selected = UIColor.white
        static let NotSelected = UIColor.black
    }

    struct OverlayColor {
        static let SemiTransparentBlack = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.Transparent)
        static let SemiOpaque = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(Alphas.SemiOpaque)
        static let demoOverlay = UIColor.black.withAlphaComponent(0.6)
    }
}

在Xcode项目中,你可以将这些文件打包到一个名为Constants的公共组中。

更多信息请观看这个视频


颜色

extension UIColor {
    static var greenLaPalma: UIColor {
        return UIColor(red:0.28, green:0.56, blue:0.22, alpha:1.00)
    }
}

字体

enum CustomFontType: String {
    case avenirNextRegular = "AvenirNext-Regular",
    avenirDemiBold = "AvenirNext-DemiBold"
}

extension UIFont {
    static func getFont(with type: CustomFontType, size: CGFloat) -> UIFont {
        let font = UIFont(name: type.rawValue, size: size)!

        return font
    }
}

对于其他-一切都与接受的答案相同。


我在Swift项目中所做的 1:新建Swift File 2:创建一个结构和静态常量。 3:对于使用只使用YourStructName.baseURL

注意:在创建初始化后,初始化需要很少的时间,所以它将在2-5秒后显示在其他视图控制器中。

import Foundation

    struct YourStructName {
    static let MerchantID = "XXX"
    static let MerchantUsername = "XXXXX"
    static let ImageBaseURL = "XXXXXXX"
    static let baseURL = "XXXXXXX"
    }

对于通知,你可以使用扩展,像这样:

extension Notification.Name {
    static let testNotification = "kTestNotification"
}

然后像NotificationCenter.default.post那样使用它(名称:.testNotification,对象:nil)


根据swift docs,全局变量是在文件作用域中声明的。

全局变量是定义在任何函数、方法、闭包或类型上下文之外的变量

只需创建一个swift文件(例如:constats .swift)并在那里声明你的常量:

// Constants.swift

let SOME_NOTIF = "aaaaNotification"

从项目中的任何地方调用它,而不需要提及struct,enum或类名。

// MyViewController.swift

NotificationCenter.default.post(name: SOME_NOTIF, object: nil)

我认为这对于代码可读性来说更好。


Swift 4版本

如果您想为NotificationCenter创建一个名称:

extension Notification.Name {
    static let updateDataList1 = Notification.Name("updateDataList1")
}

订阅通知:

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(youFunction), name: .updateDataList1, object: nil)

发送通知:

NotificationCenter.default.post(name: .updateDataList1, object: nil)

如果你只是想要一个有变量的类:

class Keys {
    static let key1 = "YOU_KEY"
    static let key2 = "YOU_KEY"
}

Or:

struct Keys {
    static let key1 = "YOU_KEY"
    static let key2 = "YOU_KEY"
}

为了在我的应用程序中有全局常量,这是我在一个单独的Swift文件中所做的:

import Foundation

struct Config {
    static let baseURL = "https://api.com"

    static APIKeys {
        static let token = "token"
        static let user = "user"
    }

    struct Notifications {
        static let awareUser = "aware_user"
    }
}

它很容易使用,并且可以像这样调用任何地方:

print(Config.Notifications.awareUser)

也可以使用无大小写枚举。

优点-它们不能被实例化。

enum API {
    enum Endpoint {
        static let url1 = "url1"
        static let url2 = "url2"
    }
    enum BaseURL {
        static let dev = "dev"
        static let prod = "prod"
    }
}

向苹果学习是最好的方法。

例如,苹果的键盘通知:

extension UIResponder {

    public class let keyboardWillShowNotification: NSNotification.Name

    public class let keyboardDidShowNotification: NSNotification.Name

    public class let keyboardWillHideNotification: NSNotification.Name

    public class let keyboardDidHideNotification: NSNotification.Name

}

现在我向苹果学习:

extension User {
    /// user did login notification
    static let userDidLogInNotification = Notification.Name(rawValue: "User.userDidLogInNotification")
}

更重要的是,NSAttributedString.Key.foregroundColor:

extension NSAttributedString {

    public struct Key : Hashable, Equatable, RawRepresentable {

        public init(_ rawValue: String)

        public init(rawValue: String)
    }
}

extension NSAttributedString.Key {

    /************************ Attributes ************************/

    @available(iOS 6.0, *)
    public static let foregroundColor: NSAttributedString.Key // UIColor, default blackColor

}

现在我向苹果学习:

extension UIFont {

    struct Name {

    }

}

extension UIFont.Name {

    static let SFProText_Heavy = "SFProText-Heavy"
    static let SFProText_LightItalic = "SFProText-LightItalic"
    static let SFProText_HeavyItalic = "SFProText-HeavyItalic"

}

用法:

let font = UIFont.init(name: UIFont.Name.SFProText_Heavy, size: 20)

向苹果学习是每个人都可以做的事情,可以很容易地提高你的代码质量。