以下是您可以执行的所有异常断言。注意，它们都是可选的。

class ExceptionTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testException()
    {
        // make your exception assertions
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        // if you use namespaces:
        // $this->expectException('\Namespace\MyExceptio‌​n');
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('message');
        $this->expectExceptionMessageRegExp('/essage$/');
        $this->expectExceptionCode(123);
        // code that throws an exception
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('message', 123);
   }

   public function testAnotherException()
   {
        // repeat as needed
        $this->expectException(Exception::class);
        throw new Exception('Oh no!');
    }
}

文档可以在这里找到。

<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php';

class ExceptionTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testException()
    {
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        // or for PHPUnit < 5.2
        // $this->setExpectedException(InvalidArgumentException::class);

        //...and then add your test code that generates the exception 
        exampleMethod($anInvalidArgument);
    }
}

PHPUnit文档

PHPUnit作者文章提供了关于测试异常最佳实践的详细解释。

对于PHPUnit 5.7.27和PHP 5.6，要在一个测试中测试多个异常，强制进行异常测试是很重要的。如果没有异常发生，则单独使用异常处理来断言exception实例将跳过对情况的测试。

public function testSomeFunction() {

    $e=null;
    $targetClassObj= new TargetClass();
    try {
        $targetClassObj->doSomething();
    } catch ( \Exception $e ) {
    }
    $this->assertInstanceOf(\Exception::class,$e);
    $this->assertEquals('Some message',$e->getMessage());

    $e=null;
    try {
        $targetClassObj->doSomethingElse();
    } catch ( Exception $e ) {
    }
    $this->assertInstanceOf(\Exception::class,$e);
    $this->assertEquals('Another message',$e->getMessage());

}

PHPUnit expectException方法非常不方便，因为它只允许每个测试方法测试一个异常。

我使用这个helper函数来断言某个函数抛出异常:

/**
 * Asserts that the given callback throws the given exception.
 *
 * @param string $expectClass The name of the expected exception class
 * @param callable $callback A callback which should throw the exception
 */
protected function assertException(string $expectClass, callable $callback)
{
    try {
        $callback();
    } catch (\Throwable $exception) {
        $this->assertInstanceOf($expectClass, $exception, 'An invalid exception was thrown');
        return;
    }

    $this->fail('No exception was thrown');
}

将它添加到您的测试类中，并以这样的方式调用:

public function testSomething() {
    $this->assertException(\PDOException::class, function() {
        new \PDO('bad:param');
    });
    $this->assertException(\PDOException::class, function() {
        new \PDO('foo:bar');
    });
}

public function testException() {
    try {
        $this->methodThatThrowsException();
        $this->fail("Expected Exception has not been raised.");
    } catch (Exception $ex) {
        $this->assertEquals("Exception message", $ex->getMessage());
    }
    
}

另一种方法是:

$this->expectException(\InvalidArgumentException::class);
$this->expectExceptionMessage('Expected Exception Message');

请确保您的测试类扩展\PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase。