<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php';

class ExceptionTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testException()
    {
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        // or for PHPUnit < 5.2
        // $this->setExpectedException(InvalidArgumentException::class);

        //...and then add your test code that generates the exception 
        exampleMethod($anInvalidArgument);
    }
}

PHPUnit文档

PHPUnit作者文章提供了关于测试异常最佳实践的详细解释。

function yourfunction($a,$z){
   if($a<$z){ throw new <YOUR_EXCEPTION>; }
}

下面是测试

class FunctionTest extends \PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{

   public function testException(){

      $this->setExpectedException(<YOUR_EXCEPTION>::class);
      yourfunction(1,2);//add vars that cause the exception 

   }

}

以下是您可以执行的所有异常断言。注意，它们都是可选的。

class ExceptionTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testException()
    {
        // make your exception assertions
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        // if you use namespaces:
        // $this->expectException('\Namespace\MyExceptio‌​n');
        $this->expectExceptionMessage('message');
        $this->expectExceptionMessageRegExp('/essage$/');
        $this->expectExceptionCode(123);
        // code that throws an exception
        throw new InvalidArgumentException('message', 123);
   }

   public function testAnotherException()
   {
        // repeat as needed
        $this->expectException(Exception::class);
        throw new Exception('Oh no!');
    }
}

文档可以在这里找到。

/**
 * @expectedException Exception
 * @expectedExceptionMessage Amount has to be bigger then 0!
 */
public function testDepositNegative()
{
    $this->account->deposit(-7);
}

注意“/**”，注意两个“*”。只写“**”(星号)将使代码失败。 同时确保你使用的是phpUnit的最新版本。在phpunit的一些早期版本中，不支持@expectedException异常。我有4.0，它不适合我，我必须更新到5.5 https://coderwall.com/p/mklvdw/install-phpunit-with-composer更新与作曲家。

<?php
require_once 'PHPUnit/Framework.php';

class ExceptionTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    public function testException()
    {
        $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
        // or for PHPUnit < 5.2
        // $this->setExpectedException(InvalidArgumentException::class);

        //...and then add your test code that generates the exception 
        exampleMethod($anInvalidArgument);
    }
}

PHPUnit文档

PHPUnit作者文章提供了关于测试异常最佳实践的详细解释。

PHPUnit expectException方法非常不方便，因为它只允许每个测试方法测试一个异常。

我使用这个helper函数来断言某个函数抛出异常:

/**
 * Asserts that the given callback throws the given exception.
 *
 * @param string $expectClass The name of the expected exception class
 * @param callable $callback A callback which should throw the exception
 */
protected function assertException(string $expectClass, callable $callback)
{
    try {
        $callback();
    } catch (\Throwable $exception) {
        $this->assertInstanceOf($expectClass, $exception, 'An invalid exception was thrown');
        return;
    }

    $this->fail('No exception was thrown');
}

将它添加到您的测试类中，并以这样的方式调用:

public function testSomething() {
    $this->assertException(\PDOException::class, function() {
        new \PDO('bad:param');
    });
    $this->assertException(\PDOException::class, function() {
        new \PDO('foo:bar');
    });
}