如何迭代由空格分隔的单词组成的字符串中的单词?

注意,我对C字符串函数或那种字符操作/访问不感兴趣。比起效率,我更喜欢优雅。我当前的解决方案:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s = "Somewhere down the road";
    istringstream iss(s);

    do {
        string subs;
        iss >> subs;
        cout << "Substring: " << subs << endl;
    } while (iss);
}

当前回答

我喜欢下面的代码,因为它将结果放入一个向量中,支持字符串作为delim,并控制保持空值。但是,那时候看起来不太好。

#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;

vector<string> split(const string& s, const string& delim, const bool keep_empty = true) {
    vector<string> result;
    if (delim.empty()) {
        result.push_back(s);
        return result;
    }
    string::const_iterator substart = s.begin(), subend;
    while (true) {
        subend = search(substart, s.end(), delim.begin(), delim.end());
        string temp(substart, subend);
        if (keep_empty || !temp.empty()) {
            result.push_back(temp);
        }
        if (subend == s.end()) {
            break;
        }
        substart = subend + delim.size();
    }
    return result;
}

int main() {
    const vector<string> words = split("So close no matter how far", " ");
    copy(words.begin(), words.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
}

当然,Boost有一个split(),它的部分功能与此类似。而且,如果“空白”是指任何类型的空白,那么使用Boost的split和is_any_of()都非常有用。

其他回答

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>

int main()
{
    std::string str("Split me by whitespaces");
    std::string buf;                 // Have a buffer string
    std::stringstream ss(str);       // Insert the string into a stream

    std::vector<std::string> tokens; // Create vector to hold our words

    while (ss >> buf)
        tokens.push_back(buf);

    return 0;
}

这类似于堆栈溢出问题:如何在C++中标记字符串?。需要Boost外部库

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <boost/tokenizer.hpp>

using namespace std;
using namespace boost;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    string text = "token  test\tstring";

    char_separator<char> sep(" \t");
    tokenizer<char_separator<char>> tokens(text, sep);
    for (const string& t : tokens)
    {
        cout << t << "." << endl;
    }
}

如果您需要通过非空格符号解析字符串,则字符串流可能很方便:

string s = "Name:JAck; Spouse:Susan; ...";
string dummy, name, spouse;

istringstream iss(s);
getline(iss, dummy, ':');
getline(iss, name, ';');
getline(iss, dummy, ':');
getline(iss, spouse, ';')

这个呢

#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

vector<string> split(string str, const char delim) {
    vector<string> v;
    string tmp;

    for(string::const_iterator i; i = str.begin(); i <= str.end(); ++i) {
        if(*i != delim && i != str.end()) {
            tmp += *i; 
        } else {
            v.push_back(tmp);
            tmp = ""; 
        }   
    }   

    return v;
}

使用vector作为基类的快速版本,可完全访问其所有运算符:

    // Split string into parts.
    class Split : public std::vector<std::string>
    {
        public:
            Split(const std::string& str, char* delimList)
            {
               size_t lastPos = 0;
               size_t pos = str.find_first_of(delimList);

               while (pos != std::string::npos)
               {
                    if (pos != lastPos)
                        push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos-lastPos));
                    lastPos = pos + 1;
                    pos = str.find_first_of(delimList, lastPos);
               }
               if (lastPos < str.length())
                   push_back(str.substr(lastPos, pos-lastPos));
            }
    };

用于填充STL集的示例:

std::set<std::string> words;
Split split("Hello,World", ",");
words.insert(split.begin(), split.end());