我试图在PHP中创建一个随机字符串,我得到绝对没有输出:

<?php
    function RandomString()
    {
        $characters = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
        $randstring = '';
        for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
            $randstring = $characters[rand(0, strlen($characters))];
        }
        return $randstring;
    }

    RandomString();
    echo $randstring;

我做错了什么?


当前回答

下面是一个简单的单行程序,它生成一个真正的随机字符串,而不需要任何脚本级循环或使用OpenSSL库。

echo substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat('0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', mt_rand(1,10))), 1, 10);

把它分解,这样参数就清楚了

// Character List to Pick from
$chrList = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';

// Minimum/Maximum times to repeat character List to seed from
$chrRepeatMin = 1; // Minimum times to repeat the seed string
$chrRepeatMax = 10; // Maximum times to repeat the seed string

// Length of Random String returned
$chrRandomLength = 10;

// The ONE LINE random command with the above variables.
echo substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($chrList, mt_rand($chrRepeatMin,$chrRepeatMax))), 1, $chrRandomLength);

此方法的工作原理是随机重复字符列表,然后打乱组合的字符串,并返回指定的字符数。

您可以进一步随机化它,通过随机化返回字符串的长度,将$chrRandomLength替换为mt_rand(8,15)(用于8到15个字符之间的随机字符串)。

其他回答

一个完整的解决方案(课程加测试),部分基于上面的一些建议…

class TokenFactory
{
    private const LENGTH = 12;
    private const ALLOWED = '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ~!@#$%^&*{}';
    private const MIN_NUMBER_OF_DIGITS = 1;
    private const MIN_NUMBER_OF_CAPS = 1;
    private const MIN_NUMBER_OF_SPECIALS = 1;
    private const MIN_NUMBER_OF_LETTERS = 1;

    /**
     * @return string
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function make(): string
    {
        $pass = $this->generateToken();

        if ($this->isTokenValid($pass)) {
            return $pass;
        } else {
            return $this->make();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    private function generateToken(): string
    {
        $allowedCharacters = self::ALLOWED;
        $token              = '';
        $max               = mb_strlen($allowedCharacters, '8bit') - 1;
        for ($i = 0; $i < self::LENGTH; ++$i) {
            $token .= $allowedCharacters[random_int(0, $max)];
        }
        return $token;
    }

    /**
     * @param $token
     * @return bool
     */
    private function isTokenValid($token): bool
    {
        $numberOfDigits   = preg_match_all("/[0-9]/", $token);
        $numberOfCaps     = preg_match_all("/[A-Z]/", $token);
        $numberOfSpecials = preg_match_all("/[~!@#\$%^&*{}]/", $token);
        $numberOfLetters  = preg_match_all("/[a-z]/", $token);

        return
            $numberOfDigits > self::MIN_NUMBER_OF_DIGITS
            && $numberOfCaps > self::MIN_NUMBER_OF_CAPS
            && $numberOfSpecials > self::MIN_NUMBER_OF_SPECIALS
            && $numberOfLetters > self::MIN_NUMBER_OF_LETTERS
            ;
    }
}

class TokenFactoryTest
{
    public function test_correct_syntax()
    {
        /**
         * Arrange
         */
        $length = 12;
        $numberOfChecks = 1000;

        /**
         * Act & Assert
         */
        $class = new TokenFactory();

        $i = 0;
        while ($i < $numberOfChecks) {
            $generatedToken = $class->make();

            $numberOfDigits = preg_match_all( "/[0-9]/", $generatedToken );
            $numberOfCaps = preg_match_all( "/[A-Z]/", $generatedToken );
            $numberOfSpecials   = preg_match_all("/[~!@#\$%^&*{}]/", $generatedToken);
            $numberOfLetters   = preg_match_all("/[a-z]/", $generatedToken);

            Assert::assertEquals($length, strlen($generatedToken));
            Assert::assertTrue($numberOfDigits >= 1, 'Digit error: ' . $generatedToken);
            Assert::assertTrue($numberOfCaps >= 1, 'Caps error: ' . $generatedToken);
            Assert::assertTrue($numberOfSpecials >= 1, 'Specials error: ' . $generatedToken);
            Assert::assertTrue($numberOfLetters >= 1, 'Letters error: ' . $generatedToken);

            $i++;
        }
    }
}

顺便说一句,请确保在适合您需要的地方捕获该异常!

在这种方法中,您可以在创建时选择字符长度。

<?php
    $random_string = "";
    $character_count = 12;
    for($i=1; $i <= $character_count; $i++)
    {
        $random_string .= chr(rand(97, 122));
    }
    echo $random_string;
?>

一条线的解决方案是

str_shuffle(base64_encode(date('mdyhis').date('mdyhis')));

注意:str_shuffle()内部使用rand(),不适合用于加密目的(例如生成随机密码)。你需要一个安全的随机数生成器。它也不允许字符重复。

还有一种方法。

UPDATED(现在这会生成任意长度的字符串):

function generateRandomString($length = 10) {
    return substr(str_shuffle(str_repeat($x='0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ', ceil($length/strlen($x)) )),1,$length);
}

echo  generateRandomString();  // OR: generateRandomString(24)

就是这样。:)

这是我简单的一行解决方案,以生成一个使用友好的随机密码,排除字符看起来像“1”和“l”,“O”和“0”,等等…这里是5个字符,但你可以很容易地改变它:

$user_password = substr(str_shuffle('abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ23456789'),0,5);