我发现在资源URL中使用基于时间戳或哈希的区分器的方法存在一个问题，该方法在服务器请求时被剥离。包含样式表链接的页面也会被缓存。因此，缓存的页面可能会请求较旧版本的样式表，但它将得到最新版本，这可能与请求页面不兼容，也可能与请求页面不兼容。

To fix this, you either have to guard the requesting page with a no-cache header or meta, to make sure it gets refreshed on every load. Or you have to maintain all versions of the style file that you ever deployed on the server, each as an individual file and with their differentiator intact so that the requesting page can get at the version of the style file it was designed for. In the latter case, you basically tie the versions of the HTML page and the style sheet together, which can be done statically and doesn't require any server logic.

我所知道的最好和最快的方法之一是更改存放CSS或JavaScript文件的文件夹的名称。

或者对于开发人员:更改CSS和JavaScript文件的名称，例如版本。

<link rel="stylesheet" href="cssfolder/somecssfile-ver-1.css"/>

对JavaScript文件执行同样的操作。

如果你添加session-id作为JavaScript/CSS文件的伪参数，你可以强制“会话范围缓存”:

<link rel="stylesheet" src="myStyles.css?ABCDEF12345sessionID" />
<script language="javascript" src="myCode.js?ABCDEF12345sessionID"></script>

如果需要版本级缓存，可以添加一些代码来打印文件日期或类似内容。如果您正在使用Java，您可以使用自定义标记以一种优雅的方式生成链接。

<link rel="stylesheet" src="myStyles.css?20080922_1020" />
<script language="javascript" src="myCode.js?20080922_1120"></script>

更改文件名也可以。但这通常不是最简单的解决方案。

正如你所注意到的，HTTP缓存控制标头为“no-cache”并不总是有效。HTTP 1.1规范为用户代理提供了决定是否请求新副本的回旋余地。(如果只看指令的名称，这是不直观的。去阅读实际的HTTP 1.1缓存规范…这在上下文中更有意义。)

简而言之，如果你想要严格的缓存控制使用

Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate

在响应头中。

好吧，我已经通过改变JavaScript文件版本每次页面加载通过添加一个随机数的JavaScript文件版本，如下所示:

// Add it to the top of the page
<?php
    srand();
    $random_number = rand();
?>

然后将随机数应用到JavaScript版本，如下所示:

<script src="file.js?version=<?php echo $random_number;?>"></script>

感谢Kip的完美解决方案!

我对它进行了扩展，将其用作Zend_view_Helper。因为我的客户端在虚拟主机上运行他的页面，我也为此扩展了它。

/**
 * Extend filepath with timestamp to force browser to
 * automatically refresh them if they are updated
 *
 * This is based on Kip's version, but now
 * also works on virtual hosts
 * @link http://stackoverflow.com/questions/118884/what-is-an-elegant-way-to-force-browsers-to-reload-cached-css-js-files
 *
 * Usage:
 * - extend your .htaccess file with
 * # Route for My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter
 * # which extends files with there timestamp so if these
 * # are updated a automatic refresh should occur
 * # RewriteRule ^(.*)\.[^.][\d]+\.(css|js)$ $1.$2 [L]
 * - then use it in your view script like
 * $this->headLink()->appendStylesheet( $this->autoRefreshRewriter($this->cssPath . 'default.css'));
 *
 */
class My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter extends Zend_View_Helper_Abstract {

    public function autoRefreshRewriter($filePath) {

        if (strpos($filePath, '/') !== 0) {

            // Path has no leading '/'
            return $filePath;
        } elseif (file_exists($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath)) {

            // File exists under normal path
            // so build path based on this
            $mtime = filemtime($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath);
            return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
        } else {

            // Fetch directory of index.php file (file from all others are included)
            // and get only the directory
            $indexFilePath = dirname(current(get_included_files()));

            // Check if file exist relativ to index file
            if (file_exists($indexFilePath . $filePath)) {

                // Get timestamp based on this relativ path
                $mtime = filemtime($indexFilePath . $filePath);

                // Write generated timestamp to path
                // but use old path not the relativ one
                return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
            } else {
                return $filePath;
            }
        }
    }
}