我注意到一些浏览器(特别是Firefox和Opera)非常热衷于使用.css和.js文件的缓存副本，甚至在浏览器会话之间。当您更新其中一个文件时，这会导致一个问题，但用户的浏览器会继续使用缓存的副本。
当文件发生更改时，强迫用户浏览器重新加载文件的最优雅的方法是什么?
理想情况下，该解决方案不会强制浏览器在每次访问页面时重新加载文件。
我发现John Millikin和da5id的建议很有用。这有一个专门的术语:自动版本控制。
我在下面发布了一个新的答案，这是我最初的解决方案和约翰的建议的结合。
SCdF建议的另一个想法是将伪查询字符串附加到文件中。(一些自动使用时间戳作为伪查询字符串的Python代码是由pi..提交的)
然而，关于浏览器是否缓存带有查询字符串的文件还存在一些讨论。(请记住，我们希望浏览器缓存该文件并在以后的访问中使用它。我们只希望它在文件更改时再次获取该文件。)
当前回答
另一个关于ASP的建议。网的网站,
Set different cache-control:max-age values, for different static files. For CSS and JavaScript files, the chances of modifying these files on server is high, so set a minimal cache-control:max-age value of 1 or 2 minutes or something that meets your need. For images, set a far date as the cache-control:max-age value, say 360 days. By doing so, when we make the first request, all static contents are downloaded to client machine with a 200-OK response. On subsequent requests and after two minutes, we see 304-Not Modified requests on CSS and JavaScript files which avoids us from CSS and JavaScript versioning. Image files will not be requested as they will be used from cached memory till the cache expires. By using the below web.config configurations, we can achieve the above described behavior, <system.webServer> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="00.00:01:00"/> </staticContent> <httpProtocol> <customHeaders> <add name="ETAG" value=""/> </customHeaders> </httpProtocol> </system.webServer> <location path="Images"> <system.webServer> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="180.00:00:00" /> </staticContent> </system.webServer> </location>
其他回答
RewriteRule需要对JavaScript或CSS文件进行一个小的更新，这些文件最后包含点符号版本控制。例如,json-1.3.js。
我添加了一个点否定类[^。]转换为正则表达式，即.number。将被忽略。
RewriteRule ^(.*)\.[^.][\d]+\.(css|js)$ $1.$2 [L]
感谢Kip的完美解决方案!
我对它进行了扩展，将其用作Zend_view_Helper。因为我的客户端在虚拟主机上运行他的页面，我也为此扩展了它。
/**
* Extend filepath with timestamp to force browser to
* automatically refresh them if they are updated
*
* This is based on Kip's version, but now
* also works on virtual hosts
* @link http://stackoverflow.com/questions/118884/what-is-an-elegant-way-to-force-browsers-to-reload-cached-css-js-files
*
* Usage:
* - extend your .htaccess file with
* # Route for My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter
* # which extends files with there timestamp so if these
* # are updated a automatic refresh should occur
* # RewriteRule ^(.*)\.[^.][\d]+\.(css|js)$ $1.$2 [L]
* - then use it in your view script like
* $this->headLink()->appendStylesheet( $this->autoRefreshRewriter($this->cssPath . 'default.css'));
*
*/
class My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter extends Zend_View_Helper_Abstract {
public function autoRefreshRewriter($filePath) {
if (strpos($filePath, '/') !== 0) {
// Path has no leading '/'
return $filePath;
} elseif (file_exists($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath)) {
// File exists under normal path
// so build path based on this
$mtime = filemtime($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath);
return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
} else {
// Fetch directory of index.php file (file from all others are included)
// and get only the directory
$indexFilePath = dirname(current(get_included_files()));
// Check if file exist relativ to index file
if (file_exists($indexFilePath . $filePath)) {
// Get timestamp based on this relativ path
$mtime = filemtime($indexFilePath . $filePath);
// Write generated timestamp to path
// but use old path not the relativ one
return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
} else {
return $filePath;
}
}
}
}
更改文件名也可以。但这通常不是最简单的解决方案。
正如你所注意到的，HTTP缓存控制标头为“no-cache”并不总是有效。HTTP 1.1规范为用户代理提供了决定是否请求新副本的回旋余地。(如果只看指令的名称，这是不直观的。去阅读实际的HTTP 1.1缓存规范…这在上下文中更有意义。)
简而言之，如果你想要严格的缓存控制使用
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate
在响应头中。
TomA的回答是对的。
使用“querystring”方法将不会被缓存，Steve Souders引用如下:
.．.Squid，一个流行的代理，不缓存资源 变量的名称。
TomA建议使用style.TIMESTAMP.css很好，但是MD5会更好，因为只有当内容真正改变时，MD5也会改变。
我已经通过使用解决了这个问题 ETag:
ETag或实体标签是HTTP的一部分，HTTP是万维网协议。它是HTTP为Web缓存验证提供的几种机制之一，这种机制允许客户机发出有条件的请求。这使得缓存更加高效并节省带宽，因为如果内容没有更改，Web服务器不需要发送完整的响应。ETags还可以用于乐观并发控制，1作为一种帮助防止资源的同步更新相互覆盖的方法。
I am running a Single-Page Application (written in Vue.JS). The output of the application is built by npm, and is stored as dist folder (the important file is: dist/static/js/app.my_rand.js) Nginx is responsible of serving the content in this dist folder, and it generates a new Etag value, which is some kind of a fingerprint, based on the modification time and the content of the dist folder. Thus when the resource changes, a new Etag value is generated. When the browser requests the resource, a comparison between the request headers and the stored Etag, can determine if the two representations of the resource are the same, and could be served from cache or a new response with a new Etag needs to be served.
