我注意到一些浏览器(特别是Firefox和Opera)非常热衷于使用.css和.js文件的缓存副本,甚至在浏览器会话之间。当您更新其中一个文件时,这会导致一个问题,但用户的浏览器会继续使用缓存的副本。

当文件发生更改时,强迫用户浏览器重新加载文件的最优雅的方法是什么?

理想情况下,该解决方案不会强制浏览器在每次访问页面时重新加载文件。


我发现John Millikin和da5id的建议很有用。这有一个专门的术语:自动版本控制。

我在下面发布了一个新的答案,这是我最初的解决方案和约翰的建议的结合。

SCdF建议的另一个想法是将伪查询字符串附加到文件中。(一些自动使用时间戳作为伪查询字符串的Python代码是由pi..提交的)

然而,关于浏览器是否缓存带有查询字符串的文件还存在一些讨论。(请记住,我们希望浏览器缓存该文件并在以后的访问中使用它。我们只希望它在文件更改时再次获取该文件。)


当前回答

另一个关于ASP的建议。网的网站,

Set different cache-control:max-age values, for different static files. For CSS and JavaScript files, the chances of modifying these files on server is high, so set a minimal cache-control:max-age value of 1 or 2 minutes or something that meets your need. For images, set a far date as the cache-control:max-age value, say 360 days. By doing so, when we make the first request, all static contents are downloaded to client machine with a 200-OK response. On subsequent requests and after two minutes, we see 304-Not Modified requests on CSS and JavaScript files which avoids us from CSS and JavaScript versioning. Image files will not be requested as they will be used from cached memory till the cache expires. By using the below web.config configurations, we can achieve the above described behavior, <system.webServer> <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="00.00:01:00"/> </staticContent> <httpProtocol> <customHeaders> <add name="ETAG" value=""/> </customHeaders> </httpProtocol> </system.webServer> <location path="Images"> <system.webServer> <staticContent> <clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="180.00:00:00" /> </staticContent> </system.webServer> </location>

其他回答

您可以使用SRI来破坏浏览器缓存。你只需要每次都用新的SRI哈希更新index.html文件。当浏览器加载HTML并发现HTML页面上的SRI散列与资源的缓存版本不匹配时,它将从服务器重新加载资源。它还带来了绕过跨起点读阻塞的良好副作用。

<script src="https://jessietessie.github.io/google-translate-token-generator/google_translate_token_generator.js" integrity="sha384-muTMBCWlaLhgTXLmflAEQVaaGwxYe1DYIf2fGdRkaAQeb4Usma/kqRWFWErr2BSi" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

对于Java Servlet环境,可以查看Jawr库。功能页面解释了它是如何处理缓存的:

Jawr will try its best to force your clients to cache the resources. If a browser asks if a file changed, a 304 (not modified) header is sent back with no content. On the other hand, with Jawr you will be 100% sure that new versions of your bundles are downloaded by all clients. Every URL to your resources will include an automatically generated, content-based prefix that changes automatically whenever a resource is updated. Once you deploy a new version, the URL to the bundle will change as well so it will be impossible that a client uses an older, cached version.

该库还可以简化JavaScript和CSS,但如果不需要,可以将其关闭。

感谢Kip的完美解决方案!

我对它进行了扩展,将其用作Zend_view_Helper。因为我的客户端在虚拟主机上运行他的页面,我也为此扩展了它。

/**
 * Extend filepath with timestamp to force browser to
 * automatically refresh them if they are updated
 *
 * This is based on Kip's version, but now
 * also works on virtual hosts
 * @link http://stackoverflow.com/questions/118884/what-is-an-elegant-way-to-force-browsers-to-reload-cached-css-js-files
 *
 * Usage:
 * - extend your .htaccess file with
 * # Route for My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter
 * # which extends files with there timestamp so if these
 * # are updated a automatic refresh should occur
 * # RewriteRule ^(.*)\.[^.][\d]+\.(css|js)$ $1.$2 [L]
 * - then use it in your view script like
 * $this->headLink()->appendStylesheet( $this->autoRefreshRewriter($this->cssPath . 'default.css'));
 *
 */
class My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter extends Zend_View_Helper_Abstract {

    public function autoRefreshRewriter($filePath) {

        if (strpos($filePath, '/') !== 0) {

            // Path has no leading '/'
            return $filePath;
        } elseif (file_exists($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath)) {

            // File exists under normal path
            // so build path based on this
            $mtime = filemtime($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath);
            return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
        } else {

            // Fetch directory of index.php file (file from all others are included)
            // and get only the directory
            $indexFilePath = dirname(current(get_included_files()));

            // Check if file exist relativ to index file
            if (file_exists($indexFilePath . $filePath)) {

                // Get timestamp based on this relativ path
                $mtime = filemtime($indexFilePath . $filePath);

                // Write generated timestamp to path
                // but use old path not the relativ one
                return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
            } else {
                return $filePath;
            }
        }
    }
}

如果你添加session-id作为JavaScript/CSS文件的伪参数,你可以强制“会话范围缓存”:

<link rel="stylesheet" src="myStyles.css?ABCDEF12345sessionID" />
<script language="javascript" src="myCode.js?ABCDEF12345sessionID"></script>

如果需要版本级缓存,可以添加一些代码来打印文件日期或类似内容。如果您正在使用Java,您可以使用自定义标记以一种优雅的方式生成链接。

<link rel="stylesheet" src="myStyles.css?20080922_1020" />
<script language="javascript" src="myCode.js?20080922_1120"></script>

如果使用jQuery,有一个叫做缓存的选项,它会附加一个随机数。

我知道这不是一个完整的答案,但它可能会节省你一些时间。