I suppose there are applications written in C# running fast, as well as there are more C++ written apps running fast (well C++ just older... and take UNIX too...) - the question indeed is - what is that thing, users and developers are complaining about ... Well, IMHO, in case of C# we have very comfort UI, very nice hierarchy of libraries, and whole interface system of CLI. In case of C++ we have templates, ATL, COM, MFC and whole shebang of alreadyc written and running code like OpenGL, DirectX and so on... Developers complains of indeterminably risen GC calls in case of C# (means program runs fast, and in one second - bang! it's stuck). To write code in C# very simple and fast (not to forget that also increase chance of errors. In case of C++, developers complains of memory leaks, - means crushes, calls between DLLs, as well as of "DLL hell" - problem with support and replacement libraries by newer ones... I think more skill you'll have in the programming language, the more quality (and speed) will characterize your software.

受此启发，我做了一个快速测试，使用了大多数程序所需的60%的通用指令。

下面是c#代码:

for (int i=0; i<1000; i++)
{
    StreamReader str = new StreamReader("file.csv");
    StreamWriter stw = new StreamWriter("examp.csv");
    string strL = "";
    while((strL = str.ReadLine()) != null)
    {
        ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
        string[] strline = strL.Split(',');
        al.AddRange(strline);
        foreach(string str1 in strline)
        {
            stw.Write(str1 + ",");
        }
        stw.Write("\n");
    }
    str.Close();
    stw.Close();
}

字符串数组和数组列表是特意用来包含这些指令的。

下面是c++代码:

for (int i = 0; i<1000; i++)
{
    std::fstream file("file.csv", ios::in);
    if (!file.is_open())
    {
        std::cout << "File not found!\n";
        return 1;
    }

    ofstream myfile;
    myfile.open ("example.txt");
    std::string csvLine;

    while (std::getline(file, csvLine))
    {
        std::istringstream csvStream(csvLine);
        std::vector csvColumn;
        std::string csvElement;

        while( std::getline(csvStream, csvElement, ‘,’) )
        {
            csvColumn.push_back(csvElement);
        }

        for (std::vector::iterator j = csvColumn.begin(); j != csvColumn.end(); ++j)
        {
            myfile << *j << ", ";
        }

        csvColumn.clear();
        csvElement.clear();
        csvLine.clear();
        myfile << "\n";
    }
    myfile.close();
    file.close();
}

我使用的输入文件大小为40 KB。

结果是

c++代码在9秒内运行。 c#代码:4秒!!

哦，但是这是在Linux上…在Mono上运行c#…c++和g++。

好的，这是我在Windows - Visual Studio 2003上得到的:

c#代码在9秒内运行。 c++代码——可怕的370秒!!

根据我的经验(这两种语言我都用过很多)，与c++相比，c#的主要问题是内存消耗高，而且我还没有找到控制它的好方法。最终导致。net软件变慢的是内存消耗。

另一个因素是JIT编译器不能提供太多时间来进行高级优化，因为它在运行时运行，如果花费太多时间，最终用户会注意到它。另一方面，c++编译器有足够的时间在编译时进行优化。恕我直言，这个因素远没有内存消耗那么重要。

In theory, for long running server-type application, a JIT-compiled language can become much faster than a natively compiled counterpart. Since the JIT compiled language is generally first compiled to a fairly low-level intermediate language, you can do a lot of the high-level optimizations right at compile time anyway. The big advantage comes in that the JIT can continue to recompile sections of code on the fly as it gets more and more data on how the application is being used. It can arrange the most common code-paths to allow branch prediction to succeed as often as possible. It can re-arrange separate code blocks that are often called together to keep them both in the cache. It can spend more effort optimizing inner loops.

我怀疑。net或任何jre都能做到这一点，但早在我上大学的时候就有人在研究这一点，所以认为这类东西很快就会在现实世界中找到自己的方式也不是不合理的。

如果我没记错的话，c#模板是在运行时确定的。这肯定比c++的编译时模板慢。

当你考虑到很多人提到的所有其他编译时优化，以及安全性的缺失，确实意味着更高的速度……

我想说，就原始速度和最小内存消耗而言，c++是显而易见的选择。但这也转化为更多的时间来开发代码，并确保您不会泄漏内存或导致任何空指针异常。

结论:

c#:更快的开发，更慢的运行 c++:开发慢，运行快。

. net语言可以像c++代码一样快，甚至更快，但是c++代码将拥有更恒定的吞吐量，因为. net运行时必须暂停进行GC，即使它非常巧妙地处理了暂停。

因此，如果您有一些代码必须持续快速运行而不需要任何暂停，. net在某些时候会引入延迟，即使您非常小心地使用运行时GC。