假设我有一个完整的文件路径:(/sdcard/tlogo.png)。我想知道它的mime类型。
我为它创建了一个函数
public static String getMimeType(File file, Context context)
{
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(file);
ContentResolver cR = context.getContentResolver();
MimeTypeMap mime = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton();
String type = mime.getExtensionFromMimeType(cR.getType(uri));
return type;
}
但当我调用它时,它返回null。
File file = new File(filePath);
String fileType=CommonFunctions.getMimeType(file, context);
EDIT
我为此创建了一个小型库。
但是底层代码几乎是一样的。
它在GitHub上可用
MimeMagic-Android
2020年9月
使用芬兰湾的科特林
fun File.getMimeType(context: Context): String? {
if (this.isDirectory) {
return null
}
fun fallbackMimeType(uri: Uri): String? {
return if (uri.scheme == ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT) {
context.contentResolver.getType(uri)
} else {
val extension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(uri.toString())
MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension.toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault()))
}
}
fun catchUrlMimeType(): String? {
val uri = Uri.fromFile(this)
return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
val path = Paths.get(uri.toString())
try {
Files.probeContentType(path) ?: fallbackMimeType(uri)
} catch (ignored: IOException) {
fallbackMimeType(uri)
}
} else {
fallbackMimeType(uri)
}
}
val stream = this.inputStream()
return try {
URLConnection.guessContentTypeFromStream(stream) ?: catchUrlMimeType()
} catch (ignored: IOException) {
catchUrlMimeType()
} finally {
stream.close()
}
}
这似乎是最好的选择,因为它结合了前面的答案。
首先,它尝试使用URLConnection获取类型。guessContentTypeFromStream,但如果这个失败或返回null,它会尝试在Android O和以上使用mimetype
java.nio.file.Files
java.nio.file.Paths
否则,如果Android版本低于O或方法失败,它将使用ContentResolver和MimeTypeMap返回类型
有时Jeb和Jens的答案不工作并返回null。在这种情况下,我使用跟随解决方案。文件头通常包含类型签名。我阅读了它,并与已知的签名列表进行了比较。
/**
*
* @param is InputStream on start of file. Otherwise signature can not be defined.
* @return int id of signature or -1, if unknown signature was found. See SIGNATURE_ID_(type) constants to
* identify signature by its id.
* @throws IOException in cases of read errors.
*/
public static int getSignatureIdFromHeader(InputStream is) throws IOException {
// read signature from head of source and compare with known signatures
int signatureId = -1;
int sigCount = SIGNATURES.length;
int[] byteArray = new int[MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH];
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH; i++) {
byteArray[i] = is.read();
builder.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i]));
}
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, "head bytes=" + builder.toString());
}
for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH; i++) {
// check each bytes with known signatures
int bytes = byteArray[i];
int lastSigId = -1;
int coincidences = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < sigCount; j++) {
int[] sig = SIGNATURES[j];
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, "compare" + i + ": " + Integer.toHexString(bytes) + " with " + sig[i]);
}
if (bytes == sig[i]) {
lastSigId = j;
coincidences++;
}
}
// signature is unknown
if (coincidences == 0) {
break;
}
// if first bytes of signature is known we check signature for full coincidence
if (coincidences == 1) {
int[] sig = SIGNATURES[lastSigId];
int sigLength = sig.length;
boolean isSigKnown = true;
for (; i < MAX_SIGNATURE_LENGTH && i < sigLength; i++) {
bytes = byteArray[i];
if (bytes != sig[i]) {
isSigKnown = false;
break;
}
}
if (isSigKnown) {
signatureId = lastSigId;
}
break;
}
}
return signatureId;
}
signatureId是签名数组中签名的索引。例如,
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_PNG = hexStringToIntArray("89504E470D0A1A0A");
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_JPEG = hexStringToIntArray("FFD8FF");
private static final int[] SIGNATURE_GIF = hexStringToIntArray("474946");
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_JPEG = 0;
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_PNG = 1;
public static final int SIGNATURE_ID_GIF = 2;
private static final int[][] SIGNATURES = new int[3][];
static {
SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_JPEG] = SIGNATURE_JPEG;
SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_PNG] = SIGNATURE_PNG;
SIGNATURES[SIGNATURE_ID_GIF] = SIGNATURE_GIF;
}
现在我有了文件类型,即使文件的URI没有。接下来我得到mime类型的文件类型。如果你不知道要获取哪种mime类型,你可以在这个表中找到proper。
它适用于许多文件类型。但是对于视频,它不起作用,因为你需要知道视频编解码器来获得mime类型。为了获得视频的mime类型,我使用mediametadatareretrieve。
Jens的回答的优化版本与零安全和回退类型。
@NonNull
static String getMimeType(@NonNull File file) {
String type = null;
final String url = file.toString();
final String extension = MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(url);
if (extension != null) {
type = MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(extension.toLowerCase());
}
if (type == null) {
type = "image/*"; // fallback type. You might set it to */*
}
return type;
}
重要:getFileExtensionFromUrl()只适用于小写字母!
更新(19.03.2018)
好处:上面的方法是一个不那么冗长的Kotlin扩展函数:
fun File.getMimeType(fallback: String = "image/*"): String {
return MimeTypeMap.getFileExtensionFromUrl(toString())
?.run { MimeTypeMap.getSingleton().getMimeTypeFromExtension(toLowerCase()) }
?: fallback // You might set it to */*
}