对于多个命令,是否有类似于pipefail的东西,比如'try'语句,但在bash中。我想这样做:

echo "trying stuff"
try {
    command1
    command2
    command3
}

在任何时候,如果任何命令失败了,就退出并回显该命令的错误。我不想做这样的事情:

command1
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "command1 borked it"
fi

command2
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "command2 borked it"
fi

等等……或者类似的事情:

pipefail -o
command1 "arg1" "arg2" | command2 "arg1" "arg2" | command3

因为我相信每个命令的参数(如果我错了请纠正我)会相互干扰。这两种方法对我来说似乎非常冗长和讨厌,所以我在这里呼吁一种更有效的方法。


当前回答

对不起,我不能对第一个答案发表评论 但是你应该使用新实例来执行命令:

#!/bin/bash

function check_exit {
    cmd_output=$($@)
    local status=$?
    echo $status
    if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "error with $1" >&2
    fi
    return $status
}

function run_command() {
    exit 1
}

check_exit run_command

其他回答

对不起,我不能对第一个答案发表评论 但是你应该使用新实例来执行命令:

#!/bin/bash

function check_exit {
    cmd_output=$($@)
    local status=$?
    echo $status
    if [ $status -ne 0 ]; then
        echo "error with $1" >&2
    fi
    return $status
}

function run_command() {
    exit 1
}

check_exit run_command

不要创建runner函数或使用set -e,而是使用trap:

trap 'echo "error"; do_cleanup failed; exit' ERR
trap 'echo "received signal to stop"; do_cleanup interrupted; exit' SIGQUIT SIGTERM SIGINT

do_cleanup () { rm tempfile; echo "$1 $(date)" >> script_log; }

command1
command2
command3

该trap甚至可以访问触发它的命令的行号和命令行。变量为$BASH_LINENO和$BASH_COMMAND。

不管怎样,编写代码来检查每个命令是否成功的更简单的方法是:

command1 || echo "command1 borked it"
command2 || echo "command2 borked it"

它仍然很乏味,但至少是可读的。

以功能的方式检查状态

assert_exit_status() {

  lambda() {
    local val_fd=$(echo $@ | tr -d ' ' | cut -d':' -f2)
    local arg=$1
    shift
    shift
    local cmd=$(echo $@ | xargs -E ':')
    local val=$(cat $val_fd)
    eval $arg=$val
    eval $cmd
  }

  local lambda=$1
  shift

  eval $@
  local ret=$?
  $lambda : <(echo $ret)

}

用法:

assert_exit_status 'lambda status -> [[ $status -ne 0 ]] && echo Status is $status.' lls

输出

Status is 127

我已经在bash中开发了一个几乎完美无缺的try & catch实现,它允许您编写如下代码:

try 
    echo 'Hello'
    false
    echo 'This will not be displayed'

catch 
    echo "Error in $__EXCEPTION_SOURCE__ at line: $__EXCEPTION_LINE__!"

您甚至可以将try-catch块嵌套在它们自己内部!

try {
    echo 'Hello'

    try {
        echo 'Nested Hello'
        false
        echo 'This will not execute'
    } catch {
        echo "Nested Caught (@ $__EXCEPTION_LINE__)"
    }

    false
    echo 'This will not execute too'

} catch {
    echo "Error in $__EXCEPTION_SOURCE__ at line: $__EXCEPTION_LINE__!"
}

代码是bash样板文件/框架的一部分。它进一步扩展了try & catch的思想,例如使用回溯和异常进行错误处理(以及其他一些不错的特性)。

下面是负责try & catch的代码:

set -o pipefail
shopt -s expand_aliases
declare -ig __oo__insideTryCatch=0

# if try-catch is nested, then set +e before so the parent handler doesn't catch us
alias try="[[ \$__oo__insideTryCatch -gt 0 ]] && set +e;
           __oo__insideTryCatch+=1; ( set -e;
           trap \"Exception.Capture \${LINENO}; \" ERR;"
alias catch=" ); Exception.Extract \$? || "

Exception.Capture() {
    local script="${BASH_SOURCE[1]#./}"

    if [[ ! -f /tmp/stored_exception_source ]]; then
        echo "$script" > /tmp/stored_exception_source
    fi
    if [[ ! -f /tmp/stored_exception_line ]]; then
        echo "$1" > /tmp/stored_exception_line
    fi
    return 0
}

Exception.Extract() {
    if [[ $__oo__insideTryCatch -gt 1 ]]
    then
        set -e
    fi

    __oo__insideTryCatch+=-1

    __EXCEPTION_CATCH__=( $(Exception.GetLastException) )

    local retVal=$1
    if [[ $retVal -gt 0 ]]
    then
        # BACKWARDS COMPATIBILE WAY:
        # export __EXCEPTION_SOURCE__="${__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[(${#__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[@]}-1)]}"
        # export __EXCEPTION_LINE__="${__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[(${#__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[@]}-2)]}"
        export __EXCEPTION_SOURCE__="${__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[-1]}"
        export __EXCEPTION_LINE__="${__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[-2]}"
        export __EXCEPTION__="${__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[@]:0:(${#__EXCEPTION_CATCH__[@]} - 2)}"
        return 1 # so that we may continue with a "catch"
    fi
}

Exception.GetLastException() {
    if [[ -f /tmp/stored_exception ]] && [[ -f /tmp/stored_exception_line ]] && [[ -f /tmp/stored_exception_source ]]
    then
        cat /tmp/stored_exception
        cat /tmp/stored_exception_line
        cat /tmp/stored_exception_source
    else
        echo -e " \n${BASH_LINENO[1]}\n${BASH_SOURCE[2]#./}"
    fi

    rm -f /tmp/stored_exception /tmp/stored_exception_line /tmp/stored_exception_source
    return 0
}

你可以自由使用,分叉和贡献——它在GitHub上。