以下函数将发送的列表复制到templist，这样pop函数不会影响原始列表:

def shift(lst, n, toreverse=False):
    templist = []
    for i in lst: templist.append(i)
    if toreverse:
        for i in range(n):  templist = [templist.pop()]+templist
    else:
        for i in range(n):  templist = templist+[templist.pop(0)]
    return templist

测试:

lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 1:", shift(lst,1))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 7:", shift(lst,7))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 1 reverse:", shift(lst,1, True))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 7 reverse:", shift(lst,7, True))
print("lst=", lst)

输出:

lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 1: [2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 7: [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 1 reverse: [5, 1, 2, 3, 4]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 7 reverse: [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

我认为你有最有效的方法

def shift(l,n):
    n = n % len(l)  
    return l[-U:] + l[:-U]

我能想到的最简单的方法:

a.append(a.pop(0))

Jon Bentley在Programming Pearls(第2专栏)中描述了一个优雅而高效的算法，用于将n元素向量x向左旋转i个位置:

让我们把这个问题看作是把数组ab转换成数组 Ba，但我们也假设我们有一个函数，它与 数组的指定部分中的元素。从ab开始 反转a得到arb，反转b得到 Arbr，然后反转整个 得到(arbr)r， 就是。这将产生以下代码 旋转: 反向张(0) 反向(n - 1),我 反向(0,n - 1)

这可以被翻译成Python:

def rotate(x, i):
    i %= len(x)
    x[:i] = reversed(x[:i])
    x[i:] = reversed(x[i:])
    x[:] = reversed(x)
    return x

演示:

>>> def rotate(x, i):
...     i %= len(x)
...     x[:i] = reversed(x[:i])
...     x[i:] = reversed(x[i:])
...     x[:] = reversed(x)
...     return x
... 
>>> rotate(list('abcdefgh'), 1)
['b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'a']
>>> rotate(list('abcdefgh'), 3)
['d', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> rotate(list('abcdefgh'), 8)
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h']
>>> rotate(list('abcdefgh'), 9)
['b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'a']

deque对两端的拉和推进行了优化。它们甚至有一个专用的rotate()方法。

from collections import deque
items = deque([1, 2])
items.append(3)        # deque == [1, 2, 3]
items.rotate(1)        # The deque is now: [3, 1, 2]
items.rotate(-1)       # Returns deque to original state: [1, 2, 3]
item = items.popleft() # deque == [2, 3]

以下函数将发送的列表复制到templist，这样pop函数不会影响原始列表:

def shift(lst, n, toreverse=False):
    templist = []
    for i in lst: templist.append(i)
    if toreverse:
        for i in range(n):  templist = [templist.pop()]+templist
    else:
        for i in range(n):  templist = templist+[templist.pop(0)]
    return templist

测试:

lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 1:", shift(lst,1))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 7:", shift(lst,7))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 1 reverse:", shift(lst,1, True))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 7 reverse:", shift(lst,7, True))
print("lst=", lst)

输出:

lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 1: [2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 7: [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 1 reverse: [5, 1, 2, 3, 4]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 7 reverse: [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]