你也可以用以下方法永久地修改用户/系统环境变量(即在shell重新启动时保持不变):

修改系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

修改用户环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)

使用注释-添加到系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
    "Path",
    [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
    [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

如果你不想写类型，基于字符串的解决方案也是可能的

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")

如果在PowerShell会话期间，您需要查看或临时修改PATH环境变量，您可以键入以下命令之一:

$env:Path                             # shows the actual content
$env:Path = 'C:\foo;' + $env:Path     # attach to the beginning
$env:Path += ';C:\foo'                # attach to the end

打开PowerShell并运行:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", "$ENV:PATH;<path to exe>", "USER")

无痛苦的、一行的示例解决方案

尝试这三个命令来练习在PowerShell中设置和删除环境变量。

使用注意事项:

在提升的PowerShell上运行这些命令(例如，具有管理员权限)。 在每一步之后，为了使您的命令工作，关闭会话并再次打开它。

添加/创建永久环境变量:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("MyEnvVar", "NewEnvValue", "Machine")

Machine是一个环境变量目标，将应用于当前和未来的用户，而不是User目标。

修改/改变环境变量:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("MyEnvVar", "NewerEnvValue", "Machine")

删除/删除变量:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("MyEnvVar", "", "Machine")

所有建议永久更改的答案都有相同的问题:它们破坏了路径注册表值。

SetEnvironmentVariable将REG_EXPAND_SZ值%SystemRoot%\system32转换为c:\ windows \system32的REG_SZ值。

路径中的任何其他变量也会丢失。使用%myNewPath%添加新的将不再工作。

这里有一个脚本Set-PathVariable。我用来解决这个问题的ps1:

 [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=$true)]
 param(
     [parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
     [string]$NewLocation)

 Begin
 {

 #requires –runasadministrator

     $regPath = "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment"
     $hklm = [Microsoft.Win32.Registry]::LocalMachine

     Function GetOldPath()
     {
         $regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $FALSE)
         $envpath = $regKey.GetValue("Path", "", [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueOptions]::DoNotExpandEnvironmentNames)
         return $envPath
     }
 }

 Process
 {
     # Win32API error codes
     $ERROR_SUCCESS = 0
     $ERROR_DUP_NAME = 34
     $ERROR_INVALID_DATA = 13

     $NewLocation = $NewLocation.Trim();

     If ($NewLocation -eq "" -or $NewLocation -eq $null)
     {
         Exit $ERROR_INVALID_DATA
     }

     [string]$oldPath = GetOldPath
     Write-Verbose "Old Path: $oldPath"

     # Check whether the new location is already in the path
     $parts = $oldPath.split(";")
     If ($parts -contains $NewLocation)
     {
         Write-Warning "The new location is already in the path"
         Exit $ERROR_DUP_NAME
     }

     # Build the new path, make sure we don't have double semicolons
     $newPath = $oldPath + ";" + $NewLocation
     $newPath = $newPath -replace ";;",""

     if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("%Path%", "Add $NewLocation")){

         # Add to the current session
         $env:path += ";$NewLocation"

         # Save into registry
         $regKey = $hklm.OpenSubKey($regPath, $True)
         $regKey.SetValue("Path", $newPath, [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryValueKind]::ExpandString)
         Write-Output "The operation completed successfully."
     }

     Exit $ERROR_SUCCESS
 }

我在一篇博文中更详细地解释了这个问题。

基于@Michael Kropat的回答，我添加了一个参数，将新路径前置到现有的path变量中，并检查以避免添加不存在的路径:

function Add-EnvPath {
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
        [string] $Path,

        [ValidateSet('Machine', 'User', 'Session')]
        [string] $Container = 'Session',

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$False)]
        [Switch] $Prepend
    )

    if (Test-Path -path "$Path") {
        if ($Container -ne 'Session') {
            $containerMapping = @{
                Machine = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine
                User = [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User
            }
            $containerType = $containerMapping[$Container]

            $persistedPaths = [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $containerType) -split ';'
            if ($persistedPaths -notcontains $Path) {
                if ($Prepend) {
                    $persistedPaths = ,$Path + $persistedPaths | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
                else {
                    $persistedPaths = $persistedPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                    [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable('Path', $persistedPaths -join ';', $containerType)
                }
            }
        }

        $envPaths = $env:Path -split ';'
        if ($envPaths -notcontains $Path) {
            if ($Prepend) {
                $envPaths = ,$Path + $envPaths | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
            else {
                $envPaths = $envPaths + $Path | where { $_ }
                $env:Path = $envPaths -join ';'
            }
        }
    }
}