你也可以用以下方法永久地修改用户/系统环境变量(即在shell重新启动时保持不变):

修改系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

修改用户环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)

使用注释-添加到系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
    "Path",
    [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
    [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

如果你不想写类型，基于字符串的解决方案也是可能的

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")

你也可以用以下方法永久地修改用户/系统环境变量(即在shell重新启动时保持不变):

修改系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

修改用户环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)

使用注释-添加到系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
    "Path",
    [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
    [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

如果你不想写类型，基于字符串的解决方案也是可能的

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")

这些脚本是幂等的(可以运行多次)。 它们更新Windows路径和当前/未来的Powershell会话:

永久添加路径

    $targetDir="c:\bin"
    $oldPath = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine")
    $oldPathArray=($oldPath) -split ';'
    if(-Not($oldPathArray -Contains "$targetDir")) {
        write-host "Adding $targetDir to Machine Path"
        $newPath = "$oldPath;$targetDir" -replace ';+', ';'
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$newPath,"Machine")
        $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User"),[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") -join ";"
    }
    write-host "Windows paths:"
    ($env:Path).Replace(';',"`n")

永久删除路径

    $targetDir="c:\bin"
    $oldPath = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine")
    $oldPathArray=($oldPath) -split ';'
    if($oldPathArray -Contains "$targetDir") {
        write-host "Removing $targetDir from Machine path"
        $newPathArray = $oldPathArray | Where-Object { $_ –ne "$targetDir" }
        $newPath = $newPathArray -join ";"
        [System.Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$newPath,"Machine")
        $env:Path = [System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User"),[System.Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","Machine") -join ";"
    }
    write-host "Windows paths:"
    ($env:Path).Replace(';',"`n")

只有将值推入注册表的答案才会影响永久更改(因此这个线程上的大多数答案，包括已接受的答案，不会永久影响Path)。

下面的函数适用于Path / PSModulePath和User / System类型。默认情况下，它还会将新路径添加到当前会话。

function AddTo-Path {
    param ( 
        [string]$PathToAdd,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('System','User')][string]$UserType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('Path','PSModulePath')][string]$PathType
    )

    # AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "PSModulePath" 'System' 
    if ($UserType -eq "System" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' }
    if ($UserType -eq "User"   ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKCU:\Environment' } # also note: Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ format
    $PathOld = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType).$PathType
    "`n$UserType $PathType Before:`n$PathOld`n"
    $PathArray = $PathOld -Split ";" -replace "\\+$", ""
    if ($PathArray -notcontains $PathToAdd) {
        "$UserType $PathType Now:"   # ; sleep -Milliseconds 100   # Might need pause to prevent text being after Path output(!)
        $PathNew = "$PathOld;$PathToAdd"
        Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType -Value $PathNew
        Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType | select -ExpandProperty $PathType
        if ($PathType -eq "Path") { $env:Path += ";$PathToAdd" }                  # Add to Path also for this current session
        if ($PathType -eq "PSModulePath") { $env:PSModulePath += ";$PathToAdd" }  # Add to PSModulePath also for this current session
        "`n$PathToAdd has been added to the $UserType $PathType"
    }
    else {
        "'$PathToAdd' is already in the $UserType $PathType. Nothing to do."
    }
}

# Add "C:\XXX" to User Path (but only if not already present)
AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "User" "Path"

# Just show the current status by putting an empty path
AddTo-Path "" "User" "Path"

警告:在PowerShell提示符中执行$env:path >> a.out保存现有路径的副本，以防出现错误。

PowerShell提示符:

setx PATH "$env:path;\the\directory\to\add" -m

然后你应该看到文本:

SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.

重新启动会话，变量就可用了。Setx也可以用来设置任意变量。输入setx /?在文档提示符处。

有很多附加或覆盖的例子。下面是一个在powershell (Linux, Ubuntu 18.04和pwsh 7.1.3)上预先设置路径的示例

$ENV:PATH = "/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin:$ENV:PATH"

我特别添加了linuxbrew (homebrew for linux) bin目录，使其优先于已安装的系统。它帮助我解决了一个问题，虽然这是最有帮助的地方，但它也让我“尝试”。

注意:是Linux的路径分隔符，而在Windows(或者至少是我的Windows)上，你会使用;通常是powershell。