这设置了当前会话的路径，并提示用户永久添加它:

function Set-Path {
    param([string]$x)
    $Env:Path+= ";" +  $x
    Write-Output $Env:Path
    $write = Read-Host 'Set PATH permanently ? (yes|no)'
    if ($write -eq "yes")
    {
        [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        Write-Output 'PATH updated'
    }
}

您可以将此函数添加到您的默认配置文件(Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1)，通常位于%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell。

无痛苦的、一行的示例解决方案

尝试这三个命令来练习在PowerShell中设置和删除环境变量。

使用注意事项:

在提升的PowerShell上运行这些命令(例如，具有管理员权限)。 在每一步之后，为了使您的命令工作，关闭会话并再次打开它。

添加/创建永久环境变量:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("MyEnvVar", "NewEnvValue", "Machine")

Machine是一个环境变量目标，将应用于当前和未来的用户，而不是User目标。

修改/改变环境变量:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("MyEnvVar", "NewerEnvValue", "Machine")

删除/删除变量:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("MyEnvVar", "", "Machine")

如果在PowerShell会话期间，您需要查看或临时修改PATH环境变量，您可以键入以下命令之一:

$env:Path                             # shows the actual content
$env:Path = 'C:\foo;' + $env:Path     # attach to the beginning
$env:Path += ';C:\foo'                # attach to the end

打开PowerShell并运行:

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("PATH", "$ENV:PATH;<path to exe>", "USER")

只有将值推入注册表的答案才会影响永久更改(因此这个线程上的大多数答案，包括已接受的答案，不会永久影响Path)。

下面的函数适用于Path / PSModulePath和User / System类型。默认情况下，它还会将新路径添加到当前会话。

function AddTo-Path {
    param ( 
        [string]$PathToAdd,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('System','User')][string]$UserType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('Path','PSModulePath')][string]$PathType
    )

    # AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "PSModulePath" 'System' 
    if ($UserType -eq "System" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' }
    if ($UserType -eq "User"   ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKCU:\Environment' } # also note: Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ format
    $PathOld = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType).$PathType
    "`n$UserType $PathType Before:`n$PathOld`n"
    $PathArray = $PathOld -Split ";" -replace "\\+$", ""
    if ($PathArray -notcontains $PathToAdd) {
        "$UserType $PathType Now:"   # ; sleep -Milliseconds 100   # Might need pause to prevent text being after Path output(!)
        $PathNew = "$PathOld;$PathToAdd"
        Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType -Value $PathNew
        Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType | select -ExpandProperty $PathType
        if ($PathType -eq "Path") { $env:Path += ";$PathToAdd" }                  # Add to Path also for this current session
        if ($PathType -eq "PSModulePath") { $env:PSModulePath += ";$PathToAdd" }  # Add to PSModulePath also for this current session
        "`n$PathToAdd has been added to the $UserType $PathType"
    }
    else {
        "'$PathToAdd' is already in the $UserType $PathType. Nothing to do."
    }
}

# Add "C:\XXX" to User Path (but only if not already present)
AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "User" "Path"

# Just show the current status by putting an empty path
AddTo-Path "" "User" "Path"

警告:在PowerShell提示符中执行$env:path >> a.out保存现有路径的副本，以防出现错误。

PowerShell提示符:

setx PATH "$env:path;\the\directory\to\add" -m

然后你应该看到文本:

SUCCESS: Specified value was saved.

重新启动会话，变量就可用了。Setx也可以用来设置任意变量。输入setx /?在文档提示符处。