只有将值推入注册表的答案才会影响永久更改(因此这个线程上的大多数答案，包括已接受的答案，不会永久影响Path)。

下面的函数适用于Path / PSModulePath和User / System类型。默认情况下，它还会将新路径添加到当前会话。

function AddTo-Path {
    param ( 
        [string]$PathToAdd,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('System','User')][string]$UserType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('Path','PSModulePath')][string]$PathType
    )

    # AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "PSModulePath" 'System' 
    if ($UserType -eq "System" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' }
    if ($UserType -eq "User"   ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKCU:\Environment' } # also note: Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ format
    $PathOld = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType).$PathType
    "`n$UserType $PathType Before:`n$PathOld`n"
    $PathArray = $PathOld -Split ";" -replace "\\+$", ""
    if ($PathArray -notcontains $PathToAdd) {
        "$UserType $PathType Now:"   # ; sleep -Milliseconds 100   # Might need pause to prevent text being after Path output(!)
        $PathNew = "$PathOld;$PathToAdd"
        Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType -Value $PathNew
        Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType | select -ExpandProperty $PathType
        if ($PathType -eq "Path") { $env:Path += ";$PathToAdd" }                  # Add to Path also for this current session
        if ($PathType -eq "PSModulePath") { $env:PSModulePath += ";$PathToAdd" }  # Add to PSModulePath also for this current session
        "`n$PathToAdd has been added to the $UserType $PathType"
    }
    else {
        "'$PathToAdd' is already in the $UserType $PathType. Nothing to do."
    }
}

# Add "C:\XXX" to User Path (but only if not already present)
AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "User" "Path"

# Just show the current status by putting an empty path
AddTo-Path "" "User" "Path"

只有将值推入注册表的答案才会影响永久更改(因此这个线程上的大多数答案，包括已接受的答案，不会永久影响Path)。

下面的函数适用于Path / PSModulePath和User / System类型。默认情况下，它还会将新路径添加到当前会话。

function AddTo-Path {
    param ( 
        [string]$PathToAdd,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('System','User')][string]$UserType,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][ValidateSet('Path','PSModulePath')][string]$PathType
    )

    # AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "PSModulePath" 'System' 
    if ($UserType -eq "System" ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Environment' }
    if ($UserType -eq "User"   ) { $RegPropertyLocation = 'HKCU:\Environment' } # also note: Registry::HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ format
    $PathOld = (Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType).$PathType
    "`n$UserType $PathType Before:`n$PathOld`n"
    $PathArray = $PathOld -Split ";" -replace "\\+$", ""
    if ($PathArray -notcontains $PathToAdd) {
        "$UserType $PathType Now:"   # ; sleep -Milliseconds 100   # Might need pause to prevent text being after Path output(!)
        $PathNew = "$PathOld;$PathToAdd"
        Set-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType -Value $PathNew
        Get-ItemProperty -Path $RegPropertyLocation -Name $PathType | select -ExpandProperty $PathType
        if ($PathType -eq "Path") { $env:Path += ";$PathToAdd" }                  # Add to Path also for this current session
        if ($PathType -eq "PSModulePath") { $env:PSModulePath += ";$PathToAdd" }  # Add to PSModulePath also for this current session
        "`n$PathToAdd has been added to the $UserType $PathType"
    }
    else {
        "'$PathToAdd' is already in the $UserType $PathType. Nothing to do."
    }
}

# Add "C:\XXX" to User Path (but only if not already present)
AddTo-Path "C:\XXX" "User" "Path"

# Just show the current status by putting an empty path
AddTo-Path "" "User" "Path"

这设置了当前会话的路径，并提示用户永久添加它:

function Set-Path {
    param([string]$x)
    $Env:Path+= ";" +  $x
    Write-Output $Env:Path
    $write = Read-Host 'Set PATH permanently ? (yes|no)'
    if ($write -eq "yes")
    {
        [Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)
        Write-Output 'PATH updated'
    }
}

您可以将此函数添加到您的默认配置文件(Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1)，通常位于%USERPROFILE%\Documents\WindowsPowerShell。

在PowerShell中，可以通过输入以下命令导航到环境变量目录:

Set-Location Env:

这将把您带到Env:>目录。在这个目录中:

要查看所有环境变量，输入:

Env:\> Get-ChildItem

要查看特定的环境变量，输入:

Env:\> $Env:<variable name>, e.g. $Env:Path

要设置一个环境变量，输入:

Env:\> $Env:<variable name> = "<new-value>", e.g. $Env:Path="C:\Users\"

要删除一个环境变量，输入:

Env:\> remove-item Env:<variable name>, e.g. remove-item Env:SECRET_KEY

更多信息请参见关于环境变量。

你也可以用以下方法永久地修改用户/系统环境变量(即在shell重新启动时保持不变):

修改系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("Path", $env:Path, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

修改用户环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable
     ("INCLUDE", $env:INCLUDE, [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::User)

使用注释-添加到系统环境变量

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable(
    "Path",
    [Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path", [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine) + ";C:\bin",
    [EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine)

如果你不想写类型，基于字符串的解决方案也是可能的

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";C:\bin", "Machine")

如果你需要动态地为会话设置变量名，那么使用:

New-Item env:\$key -Value $value -Force | Out-Null