你描述的方式就是我一直用的方式。由于它是完全泛型的，所以您总是可以将该功能分解到mixin类中，并在需要该功能的类中继承它。

class CommonEqualityMixin(object):

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (isinstance(other, self.__class__)
            and self.__dict__ == other.__dict__)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)

class Foo(CommonEqualityMixin):

    def __init__(self, item):
        self.item = item

你不必同时覆盖__eq__和__ne__，你可以只覆盖__cmp__，但这将对==，!==，<，>等的结果产生影响。

测试对象标识。这意味着当a和b都持有对同一对象的引用时，a是b将为True。在python中，你总是在变量中保存一个对象的引用，而不是实际的对象，所以本质上，a是b，它们中的对象应该位于相同的内存位置。最重要的是，你要如何覆盖这种行为?

编辑:我不知道__cmp__已从python 3中删除，因此请避免使用它。

从这个答案:https://stackoverflow.com/a/30676267/541136我已经证明，虽然它是正确的定义__ne__术语__eq__ -而不是

def __ne__(self, other):
    return not self.__eq__(other)

你应该使用:

def __ne__(self, other):
    return not self == other

你描述的方式就是我一直用的方式。由于它是完全泛型的，所以您总是可以将该功能分解到mixin类中，并在需要该功能的类中继承它。

class CommonEqualityMixin(object):

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return (isinstance(other, self.__class__)
            and self.__dict__ == other.__dict__)

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)

class Foo(CommonEqualityMixin):

    def __init__(self, item):
        self.item = item

我用__ne__的默认实现写了一个自定义基，它简单地对__eq__求反:

class HasEq(object):
  """
  Mixin that provides a default implementation of ``object.__neq__`` using the subclass's implementation of ``object.__eq__``.

  This overcomes Python's deficiency of ``==`` and ``!=`` not being symmetric when overloading comparison operators
  (i.e. ``not x == y`` *does not* imply that ``x != y``), so whenever you implement
  `object.__eq__ <https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.__eq__>`_, it is expected that you
  also implement `object.__ne__ <https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.__ne__>`_

  NOTE: in Python 3+ this is no longer necessary (see https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html#object.__ne__)
  """

  def __ne__(self, other):
    """
    Default implementation of ``object.__ne__(self, other)``, delegating to ``self.__eq__(self, other)``.

    When overriding ``object.__eq__`` in Python, one should also override ``object.__ne__`` to ensure that
    ``not x == y`` is the same as ``x != y``
    (see `object.__eq__ <https://docs.python.org/2/reference/datamodel.html#object.__eq__>`_ spec)

    :return: ``NotImplemented`` if ``self.__eq__(other)`` returns ``NotImplemented``, otherwise ``not self.__eq__(other)``
    """
    equal = self.__eq__(other)
    # the above result could be either True, False, or NotImplemented
    if equal is NotImplemented:
      return NotImplemented
    return not equal

如果你继承了这个基类，你只需要实现__eq__和基类。

回想起来，更好的方法可能是将其作为装饰器实现。比如@functools. total_orders

这包含了对Algorias的答案的评论，并通过单个属性比较对象，因为我不关心整个字典。hasattr(other，“id”)必须为真，但我知道它是真的，因为我在构造函数中设置了它。

def __eq__(self, other):
    if other is self:
        return True

    if type(other) is not type(self):
        # delegate to superclass
        return NotImplemented

    return other.id == self.id