在大多数现代浏览器中，有一种符号基元数据类型，可用于创建枚举。它将确保枚举的类型安全，因为JavaScript保证每个符号值都是唯一的，即symbol（）！=符号（）。例如：

const COLOR = Object.freeze({RED: Symbol(), BLUE: Symbol()});

为了简化调试，可以向枚举值添加描述：

const COLOR = Object.freeze({RED: Symbol("RED"), BLUE: Symbol("BLUE")});

Plunker演示

在GitHub上，您可以找到一个包装器，它简化了初始化枚举所需的代码：

const color = new Enum("RED", "BLUE")

color.RED.toString() // Symbol(RED)
color.getName(color.RED) // RED
color.size // 2
color.values() // Symbol(RED), Symbol(BLUE)
color.toString() // RED,BLUE

我不久前使用了__defineGetter__和__defineSetter__或defineProperty的组合，具体取决于JS版本。

下面是我制作的枚举生成函数：https://gist.github.com/gfarrell/6716853

你可以这样使用：

var Colours = Enum('RED', 'GREEN', 'BLUE');

它将创建一个不可变的字符串：int字典（一个枚举）。

我提出了一种以Java中的枚举为模型的方法。这些是类型安全的，因此您也可以执行instanceof检查。

可以这样定义枚举：

var Days = Enum.define("Days", ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]);

Days现在引用Days枚举：

Days.Monday instanceof Days; // true

Days.Friday.name(); // "Friday"
Days.Friday.ordinal(); // 4

Days.Sunday === Days.Sunday; // true
Days.Sunday === Days.Friday; // false

Days.Sunday.toString(); // "Sunday"

Days.toString() // "Days { Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday } "

Days.values().map(function(e) { return e.name(); }); //["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]
Days.values()[4].name(); //"Friday"

Days.fromName("Thursday") === Days.Thursday // true
Days.fromName("Wednesday").name() // "Wednesday"
Days.Friday.fromName("Saturday").name() // "Saturday"

实施：

var Enum = (function () {
    /**
     * Function to define an enum
     * @param typeName - The name of the enum.
     * @param constants - The constants on the enum. Can be an array of strings, or an object where each key is an enum
     * constant, and the values are objects that describe attributes that can be attached to the associated constant.
     */
    function define(typeName, constants) {

        /** Check Arguments **/
        if (typeof typeName === "undefined") {
            throw new TypeError("A name is required.");
        }

        if (!(constants instanceof Array) && (Object.getPrototypeOf(constants) !== Object.prototype)) {

            throw new TypeError("The constants parameter must either be an array or an object.");

        } else if ((constants instanceof Array) && constants.length === 0) {

            throw new TypeError("Need to provide at least one constant.");

        } else if ((constants instanceof Array) && !constants.reduce(function (isString, element) {
                return isString && (typeof element === "string");
            }, true)) {

            throw new TypeError("One or more elements in the constant array is not a string.");

        } else if (Object.getPrototypeOf(constants) === Object.prototype && !Object.keys(constants).reduce(function (isObject, constant) {
                return Object.getPrototypeOf(constants[constant]) === Object.prototype;
            }, true)) {

            throw new TypeError("One or more constants do not have an associated object-value.");

        }

        var isArray = (constants instanceof Array);
        var isObject = !isArray;

        /** Private sentinel-object used to guard enum constructor so that no one else can create enum instances **/
        function __() { };

        /** Dynamically define a function with the same name as the enum we want to define. **/
        var __enum = new Function(["__"],
            "return function " + typeName + "(sentinel, name, ordinal) {" +
                "if(!(sentinel instanceof __)) {" +
                    "throw new TypeError(\"Cannot instantiate an instance of " + typeName + ".\");" +
                "}" +

                "this.__name = name;" +
                "this.__ordinal = ordinal;" +
            "}"
        )(__);

        /** Private objects used to maintain enum instances for values(), and to look up enum instances for fromName() **/
        var __values = [];
        var __dict = {};

        /** Attach values() and fromName() methods to the class itself (kind of like static methods). **/
        Object.defineProperty(__enum, "values", {
            value: function () {
                return __values;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum, "fromName", {
            value: function (name) {
                var __constant = __dict[name]
                if (__constant) {
                    return __constant;
                } else {
                    throw new TypeError(typeName + " does not have a constant with name " + name + ".");
                }
            }
        });

        /**
         * The following methods are available to all instances of the enum. values() and fromName() need to be
         * available to each constant, and so we will attach them on the prototype. But really, they're just
         * aliases to their counterparts on the prototype.
         */
        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "values", {
            value: __enum.values
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "fromName", {
            value: __enum.fromName
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "name", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__name;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "ordinal", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__ordinal;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "valueOf", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__name;
            }
        });

        Object.defineProperty(__enum.prototype, "toString", {
            value: function () {
                return this.__name;
            }
        });

        /**
         * If constants was an array, we can the element values directly. Otherwise, we will have to use the keys
         * from the constants object.
         */
        var _constants = constants;
        if (isObject) {
            _constants = Object.keys(constants);
        }

        /** Iterate over all constants, create an instance of our enum for each one, and attach it to the enum type **/
        _constants.forEach(function (name, ordinal) {
            // Create an instance of the enum
            var __constant = new __enum(new __(), name, ordinal);

            // If constants was an object, we want to attach the provided attributes to the instance.
            if (isObject) {
                Object.keys(constants[name]).forEach(function (attr) {
                    Object.defineProperty(__constant, attr, {
                        value: constants[name][attr]
                    });
                });
            }

            // Freeze the instance so that it cannot be modified.
            Object.freeze(__constant);

            // Attach the instance using the provided name to the enum type itself.
            Object.defineProperty(__enum, name, {
                value: __constant
            });

            // Update our private objects
            __values.push(__constant);
            __dict[name] = __constant;
        });

        /** Define a friendly toString method for the enum **/
        var string = typeName + " { " + __enum.values().map(function (c) {
                return c.name();
            }).join(", ") + " } ";

        Object.defineProperty(__enum, "toString", {
            value: function () {
                return string;
            }
        });

        /** Freeze our private objects **/
        Object.freeze(__values);
        Object.freeze(__dict);

        /** Freeze the prototype on the enum and the enum itself **/
        Object.freeze(__enum.prototype);
        Object.freeze(__enum);

        /** Return the enum **/
        return __enum;
    }

    return {
        define: define
    }

})();

更新05.11.2020：修改为包含静态字段和方法，以更接近地复制“true”枚举行为。

是否有人尝试过使用包含私有字段和“get”访问器的类执行此操作？我意识到私有类字段目前仍处于实验阶段，但它似乎可以用于创建具有不可变字段/财产的类。浏览器支持也不错。唯一不支持它的“主要”浏览器是Firefox（我相信他们很快就会支持）和IE（谁在乎）。

免责声明：我不是一个开发者。我只是在寻找这个问题的答案，并开始思考我有时如何通过创建带有私有字段和受限属性访问器的类来在C#中创建“增强”枚举。

样本类别

class Sizes {
    // Private Fields
    static #_SMALL = 0;
    static #_MEDIUM = 1;
    static #_LARGE = 2;

    // Accessors for "get" functions only (no "set" functions)
    static get SMALL() { return this.#_SMALL; }
    static get MEDIUM() { return this.#_MEDIUM; }
    static get LARGE() { return this.#_LARGE; }
}

现在您应该可以直接调用enums。

Sizes.SMALL; // 0
Sizes.MEDIUM; // 1
Sizes.LARGE; // 2

使用私有字段和有限访问器的组合意味着枚举值得到了很好的保护。

Sizes.SMALL = 10 // Sizes.SMALL is still 0
Sizes._SMALL = 10 // Sizes.SMALL is still 0
Sizes.#_SMALL = 10 // Sizes.SMALL is still 0

这是Typescript将其枚举转换为Javascript的方式：

var makeEnum = function(obj) {
    obj[ obj['Active'] = 1 ] = 'Active';
    obj[ obj['Closed'] = 2 ] = 'Closed';
    obj[ obj['Deleted'] = 3 ] = 'Deleted';
}

Now:

makeEnum( NewObj = {} )
// => {1: "Active", 2: "Closed", 3: "Deleted", Active: 1, Closed: 2, Deleted: 3}

起初我很困惑obj[1]为什么返回“Active”，但后来意识到它的死简单赋值运算符赋值，然后返回：

obj['foo'] = 1
// => 1

尽管ES2015中只支持静态方法（而不支持静态财产）（请参见§15.2.2.2），但奇怪的是，您可以将以下内容用于Babel和ES2015预设：

class CellState {
    v: string;
    constructor(v: string) {
        this.v = v;
        Object.freeze(this);
    }
    static EMPTY       = new CellState('e');
    static OCCUPIED    = new CellState('o');
    static HIGHLIGHTED = new CellState('h');
    static values      = function(): Array<CellState> {
        const rv = [];
        rv.push(CellState.EMPTY);
        rv.push(CellState.OCCUPIED);
        rv.push(CellState.HIGHLIGHTED);
        return rv;
    }
}
Object.freeze(CellState);

我发现，即使在模块之间（例如，从另一个模块导入CellState枚举），以及在使用Webpack导入模块时，这也能正常工作。

与大多数其他答案相比，此方法的优势在于，您可以将其与静态类型检查器（例如Flow）一起使用，并且您可以在开发时使用静态类型检查断言您的变量、参数等是特定的CellState“enum”，而不是其他枚举（如果您使用了泛型对象或符号，则无法区分）。

使现代化

上面的代码有一个缺点，即它允许创建CellState类型的其他对象（尽管由于CellState被冻结，因此无法将它们分配给CellState的静态字段）。尽管如此，以下更精细的代码提供了以下优点：

不能再创建CellState类型的对象可以保证没有两个枚举实例分配了相同的代码从字符串表示中获取枚举的实用方法返回枚举的所有实例的values函数不必以上述手动（且容易出错）的方式创建返回值。“使用严格”；类状态{构造函数（code，displayName=code）{if（Status.INSTANCES.has（代码））抛出新错误（`重复代码值：[$｛code｝]`）；if（！Status.canCreateMoreInstances）throw new Error（`尝试调用构造函数（$｛code｝`+`，$｛displayName｝）在创建所有静态实例后`）；this.code=代码；this.displayName=显示名称；对象.冻结（this）；Status.INSTANCES.set（this.code，this）；}到字符串（）{return `[code:$｛this.code｝，displayName:$｛this.displayName｝]`；}静态INSTANCES=新映射（）；静态canCreateMoreInstances=true；//值：静态ARCHIVED=新状态（“存档”）；静态观察=新状态（“观察”）；静态调度=新状态（“调度”）；静态UNOBERVED=新状态（“未观察”）；static UNTRIGGERED=新状态（“未触发”）；静态值=函数（）{return Array.from（Status.INSTANCES.values（））；}静态fromCode（代码）{if（！Status.INSTANCES.has（代码））抛出新错误（“未知代码：$｛code｝”）；其他的return Status.INSTANCES.get（代码）；}}Status.canCreateMoreInstances=false；对象冻结（状态）；exports.Status=状态；