以下内容是否会使对象满足枚举在JavaScript中的所有特性?类似于:

my.namespace.ColorEnum = {
  RED : 0,
  GREEN : 1,
  BLUE : 2
}

// later on

if(currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
  // whatever
}

还是有其他方法可以做到这一点?


当前回答

你可以这样做

    var Enum = (function(foo) {

    var EnumItem = function(item){
        if(typeof item == "string"){
            this.name = item;
        } else {
            this.name = item.name;
        }
    }
    EnumItem.prototype = new String("DEFAULT");
    EnumItem.prototype.toString = function(){
        return this.name;
    }
    EnumItem.prototype.equals = function(item){
        if(typeof item == "string"){
            return this.name == item;
        } else {
            return this == item && this.name == item.name;
        }
    }

    function Enum() {
        this.add.apply(this, arguments);
        Object.freeze(this);
    }
    Enum.prototype.add = function() {
        for (var i in arguments) {
            var enumItem = new EnumItem(arguments[i]);
            this[enumItem.name] = enumItem;
        }
    };
    Enum.prototype.toList = function() {
        return Object.keys(this);
    };
    foo.Enum = Enum;
    return Enum;
})(this);
var STATUS = new Enum("CLOSED","PENDING", { name : "CONFIRMED", ackd : true });
var STATE = new Enum("CLOSED","PENDING","CONFIRMED",{ name : "STARTED"},{ name : "PROCESSING"});

如此库中所定义。https://github.com/webmodule/foo/blob/master/foo.js#L217

完整示例https://gist.github.com/lnt/bb13a2fd63cdb8bce85fd62965a20026

其他回答

我一直在摆弄这个,因为我喜欢我的遗珠

使用Object.defineProperty,我想我找到了一个可行的解决方案。

这里有一个jsfiddle:http://jsfiddle.net/ZV4A6/

使用此方法。。理论上,您应该能够为任何对象调用和定义枚举值,而不会影响该对象的其他属性。

Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype,'Enum', {
    value: function() {
        for(i in arguments) {
            Object.defineProperty(this,arguments[i], {
                value:parseInt(i),
                writable:false,
                enumerable:true,
                configurable:true
            });
        }
        return this;
    },
    writable:false,
    enumerable:false,
    configurable:false
}); 

由于属性可写:false,这应该使其类型安全。

因此,您应该能够创建一个自定义对象,然后对其调用Enum()。分配的值从0开始,每项递增。

var EnumColors={};
EnumColors.Enum('RED','BLUE','GREEN','YELLOW');
EnumColors.RED;    // == 0
EnumColors.BLUE;   // == 1
EnumColors.GREEN;  // == 2
EnumColors.YELLOW; // == 3

我也在寻找这个问题的答案,并找到了这一页的答案,我认为答案与这里的大多数答案不同:https://www.sohamkamani.com/javascript/enums/

我将把文章的答案部分复制到这里,以防将来链接无效或其他情况:

带符号的枚举:符号让我们定义保证不会冲突的值彼此之间。例如:

const Summer1 = Symbol("summer")
const Summer2 = Symbol("summer")

// Even though they have the same apparent value
// Summer1 and Summer2 don't equate
console.log(Summer1 === Summer2)
// false

console.log(Summer1)

我们可以使用符号定义枚举,以确保它们不是复制:

const Summer = Symbol("summer")
const Autumn = Symbol("autumn")
const Winter = Symbol("winter")
const Spring = Symbol("spring")

let season = Spring

switch (season) {
    case Summer:
    console.log('the season is summer')
    break;
    case Winter:
    console.log('the season is winter')
    break;
    case Spring:
    console.log('the season is spring')
    break;
    case Autumn:
    console.log('the season is autumn')
    break;
    default:
    console.log('season not defined')
}

使用Symbol可以确保我们分配枚举值的唯一方法是使用我们最初定义的常量。

具有类的枚举:

为了使代码更加语义正确,我们可以创建一个类保存一组枚举。例如,我们的季节应该有一种方法来识别它们都属于类似的分类。让我们看看如何使用类和对象创建不同的枚举组:

// Season enums can be grouped as static members of a class
class Season {
  // Create new instances of the same class as static attributes
  static Summer = new Season("summer")
  static Autumn = new Season("autumn")
  static Winter = new Season("winter")
  static Spring = new Season("spring")

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name
  }
}

// Now we can access enums using namespaced assignments
// this makes it semantically clear that "Summer" is a "Season"
let season = Season.Summer

// We can verify whether a particular variable is a Season enum
console.log(season instanceof Season)
// true
console.log(Symbol('something') instanceof Season)
//false

// We can explicitly check the type based on each enums class
console.log(season.constructor.name)
// 'Season'

个人注意:我本应该使用此构造函数:(注意:将this.name设置为字符串而不是对象,会丢失以下一些验证。可以选择删除:.description。我还想找到一种方法,不必键入Seasons.summer.name,而只需:Seasons.summer即可使其返回字符串)

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = Symbol(name).description
  }

列出所有可能的枚举值:

如果我们使用上述基于类的方法Season类的键,以获取同一类下的所有枚举值组:

Object.keys(Season).forEach(season => console.log("season:", season))
// season: Summer
// season: Autumn
// season: Winter
// season: Spring

何时在Javascript中使用枚举?

通常,如果有一定数量的固定任何一个变量的值_例如,Node.js的加密标准库有一个受支持的算法列表,可以将其视为枚举组。正确使用Javascript中的enums将产生更好的代码更稳定、更容易阅读和更少出错。

我制作了一个Enum类,它可以在O(1)处获取值和名称。它还可以生成包含所有名称和值的对象数组。

function Enum(obj) {
    // Names must be unique, Values do not.
    // Putting same values for different Names is risky for this implementation

    this._reserved = {
        _namesObj: {},
        _objArr: [],
        _namesArr: [],
        _valuesArr: [],
        _selectOptionsHTML: ""
    };

    for (k in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
            this[k] = obj[k];
            this._reserved._namesObj[obj[k]] = k;
        }
    }
}
(function () {
    this.GetName = function (val) {
        if (typeof this._reserved._namesObj[val] === "undefined")
            return null;
        return this._reserved._namesObj[val];
    };

    this.GetValue = function (name) {
        if (typeof this[name] === "undefined")
            return null;
        return this[name];
    };

    this.GetObjArr = function () {
        if (this._reserved._objArr.length == 0) {
            var arr = [];
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        arr.push({
                            Name: k,
                            Value: this[k]
                        });
            }
            this._reserved._objArr = arr;
        }
        return this._reserved._objArr;
    };

    this.GetNamesArr = function () {
        if (this._reserved._namesArr.length == 0) {
            var arr = [];
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        arr.push(k);
            }
            this._reserved._namesArr = arr;
        }
        return this._reserved._namesArr;
    };

    this.GetValuesArr = function () {
        if (this._reserved._valuesArr.length == 0) {
            var arr = [];
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        arr.push(this[k]);
            }
            this._reserved._valuesArr = arr;
        }
        return this._reserved._valuesArr;
    };

    this.GetSelectOptionsHTML = function () {
        if (this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML.length == 0) {
            var html = "";
            for (k in this) {
                if (this.hasOwnProperty(k))
                    if (k != "_reserved")
                        html += "<option value='" + this[k] + "'>" + k + "</option>";
            }
            this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML = html;
        }
        return this._reserved._selectOptionsHTML;
    };
}).call(Enum.prototype);

您可以这样初始化:

var enum1 = new Enum({
    item1: 0,
    item2: 1,
    item3: 2
});

要获取值(如C#中的枚举):

var val2 = enum1.item2;

要获取某个值的名称(将相同的值用于不同的名称时可能会不明确):

var name1 = enum1.GetName(0);  // "item1"

要获取对象中每个名称和值的数组,请执行以下操作:

var arr = enum1.GetObjArr();

将生成:

[{ Name: "item1", Value: 0}, { ... }, ... ]

您还可以轻松获得html选择选项:

var html = enum1.GetSelectOptionsHTML();

其中包含:

"<option value='0'>item1</option>..."

这是我对一个(标记的)Enum工厂的看法。这是一个工作演示。

/*
 * Notes: 
 * The proxy handler enables case insensitive property queries
 * BigInt is used to enable bitflag strings /w length > 52
*/
function EnumFactory() {
  const proxyfy = {
    construct(target, args) { 
      const caseInsensitiveHandler = { 
          get(target, key) {
          return target[key.toUpperCase()] || target[key];  
        } 
      };
      const proxified = new Proxy(new target(...args), caseInsensitiveHandler ); 
      return Object.freeze(proxified);
    },
  }
  const ProxiedEnumCtor = new Proxy(EnumCtor, proxyfy);
  const throwIf = (
      assertion = false, 
      message = `Unspecified error`, 
      ErrorType = Error ) => 
      assertion && (() => { throw new ErrorType(message); })();
  const hasFlag = (val, sub) => {
    throwIf(!val || !sub, "valueIn: missing parameters", RangeError);
    const andVal = (sub & val);
    return andVal !== BigInt(0) && andVal === val;
  };

  function EnumCtor(values) {
    throwIf(values.constructor !== Array || 
            values.length < 2 || 
        values.filter( v => v.constructor !== String ).length > 0,
      `EnumFactory: expected Array of at least 2 strings`, TypeError);
    const base = BigInt(1);
    this.NONE = BigInt(0);
    values.forEach( (v, i) => this[v.toUpperCase()] = base<<BigInt(i) );
  }

  EnumCtor.prototype = {
    get keys() { return Object.keys(this).slice(1); },
    subset(sub) {
      const arrayValues = this.keys;
      return new ProxiedEnumCtor(
        [...sub.toString(2)].reverse()
          .reduce( (acc, v, i) => ( +v < 1 ? acc : [...acc, arrayValues[i]] ), [] )
      );
    },
    getLabel(enumValue) {
      const tryLabel = Object.entries(this).find( value => value[1] === enumValue );
      return !enumValue || !tryLabel.length ? 
        "getLabel: no value parameter or value not in enum" :
        tryLabel.shift();
    },
    hasFlag(val, sub = this) { return hasFlag(val, sub); },
  };
  
  return arr => new ProxiedEnumCtor(arr);
}

这不是一个很好的答案,但我个人认为这很好

话虽如此,因为值是什么并不重要(您使用了0、1、2),所以我会使用一个有意义的字符串,以防您想要输出当前值。