以下内容是否会使对象满足枚举在JavaScript中的所有特性?类似于:

my.namespace.ColorEnum = {
  RED : 0,
  GREEN : 1,
  BLUE : 2
}

// later on

if(currentColor == my.namespace.ColorEnum.RED) {
  // whatever
}

还是有其他方法可以做到这一点?


当前回答

您可以使用Object.protype.hasOwnProperty()

变量findInEnum,颜色枚举={红色:0,绿色:1,蓝色:2};//稍后findInEnum=函数(enumKey){if(colorEnum.hasOwnProperty(enumKey)){return enumKey+“值:”+colorEnum[nenumKey]}}警报(findInEnum(“蓝色”))

其他回答

我编写了enumeranjs一个非常小的库来解决这个问题,它确保了类型安全,允许枚举常量从原型继承,保证枚举常量和枚举类型是不可变的+许多小特性。它允许重构大量代码,并在枚举定义中移动一些逻辑。下面是一个示例:

var CloseEventCodes = new Enumeration("closeEventCodes", {
  CLOSE_NORMAL:          { _id: 1000, info: "Connection closed normally" },
  CLOSE_GOING_AWAY:      { _id: 1001, info: "Connection closed going away" },
  CLOSE_PROTOCOL_ERROR:  { _id: 1002, info: "Connection closed due to protocol error"  },
  CLOSE_UNSUPPORTED:     { _id: 1003, info: "Connection closed due to unsupported operation" },
  CLOSE_NO_STATUS:       { _id: 1005, info: "Connection closed with no status" },
  CLOSE_ABNORMAL:        { _id: 1006, info: "Connection closed abnormally" },
  CLOSE_TOO_LARGE:       { _id: 1009, info: "Connection closed due to too large packet" }
},{ talk: function(){
    console.log(this.info); 
  }
});


CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE.talk(); //prints "Connection closed due to too large packet"
CloseEventCodes.CLOSE_TOO_LARGE instanceof CloseEventCodes //evaluates to true

枚举基本上是一个工厂。

此处提供完整记录的指南。希望这有帮助。

截至2014年10月的撰写,这里有一个当代的解决方案。我将解决方案作为节点模块编写,并使用Mocha和Chai以及undercoreJS进行了测试。您可以很容易地忽略这些,如果愿意,只需使用Enum代码。

看到了很多带有过于复杂的库等的帖子。在Javascript中获得枚举支持的解决方案非常简单,真的不需要。代码如下:

文件:enums.js

_ = require('underscore');

var _Enum = function () {

   var keys = _.map(arguments, function (value) {
      return value;
   });
   var self = {
      keys: keys
   };
   for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      self[keys[i]] = i;
   }
   return self;
};

var fileFormatEnum = Object.freeze(_Enum('CSV', 'TSV'));
var encodingEnum = Object.freeze(_Enum('UTF8', 'SHIFT_JIS'));

exports.fileFormatEnum = fileFormatEnum;
exports.encodingEnum = encodingEnum;

还有一个测试来说明它给你带来了什么:

文件:enumsSpec.js

var chai = require("chai"),
    assert = chai.assert,
    expect = chai.expect,
    should = chai.should(),
    enums = require('./enums'),
    _ = require('underscore');


describe('enums', function () {

    describe('fileFormatEnum', function () {
        it('should return expected fileFormat enum declarations', function () {
            var fileFormatEnum = enums.fileFormatEnum;
            should.exist(fileFormatEnum);
            assert('{"keys":["CSV","TSV"],"CSV":0,"TSV":1}' === JSON.stringify(fileFormatEnum), 'Unexpected format');
            assert('["CSV","TSV"]' === JSON.stringify(fileFormatEnum.keys), 'Unexpected keys format');
        });
    });

    describe('encodingEnum', function () {
        it('should return expected encoding enum declarations', function () {
            var encodingEnum = enums.encodingEnum;
            should.exist(encodingEnum);
            assert('{"keys":["UTF8","SHIFT_JIS"],"UTF8":0,"SHIFT_JIS":1}' === JSON.stringify(encodingEnum), 'Unexpected format');
            assert('["UTF8","SHIFT_JIS"]' === JSON.stringify(encodingEnum.keys), 'Unexpected keys format');
        });
    });

});

正如您所看到的,您获得了一个Enum工厂,只需调用Enum.keys即可获得所有键,并且可以将键本身与整数常量匹配。您可以使用不同的值重用工厂,并使用Node的模块化方法导出生成的Enum。

同样,如果您只是一个普通用户,或者在浏览器等中,只需使用代码的工厂部分,如果您不想在代码中使用下划线库,也可能会删除它。

您可以使用一个简单的函数来反转键和值,当它将数字整数字符串转换为数字时,它也可以处理数组。代码小、简单,可用于此用例和其他用例。

var objInvert=函数(obj){var反转={}for(对象中的变量i){如果(i.match(/^\d+$/))i=parseInt(i,10)反转[obj[i]]=i}返回反转}var musicStyles=对象冻结(objInvert(['ROCK','SURF','METAL',“BOSSA-NOVA”、“op”、“die”]))console.log(音乐样式)

这是我对一个(标记的)Enum工厂的看法。这是一个工作演示。

/*
 * Notes: 
 * The proxy handler enables case insensitive property queries
 * BigInt is used to enable bitflag strings /w length > 52
*/
function EnumFactory() {
  const proxyfy = {
    construct(target, args) { 
      const caseInsensitiveHandler = { 
          get(target, key) {
          return target[key.toUpperCase()] || target[key];  
        } 
      };
      const proxified = new Proxy(new target(...args), caseInsensitiveHandler ); 
      return Object.freeze(proxified);
    },
  }
  const ProxiedEnumCtor = new Proxy(EnumCtor, proxyfy);
  const throwIf = (
      assertion = false, 
      message = `Unspecified error`, 
      ErrorType = Error ) => 
      assertion && (() => { throw new ErrorType(message); })();
  const hasFlag = (val, sub) => {
    throwIf(!val || !sub, "valueIn: missing parameters", RangeError);
    const andVal = (sub & val);
    return andVal !== BigInt(0) && andVal === val;
  };

  function EnumCtor(values) {
    throwIf(values.constructor !== Array || 
            values.length < 2 || 
        values.filter( v => v.constructor !== String ).length > 0,
      `EnumFactory: expected Array of at least 2 strings`, TypeError);
    const base = BigInt(1);
    this.NONE = BigInt(0);
    values.forEach( (v, i) => this[v.toUpperCase()] = base<<BigInt(i) );
  }

  EnumCtor.prototype = {
    get keys() { return Object.keys(this).slice(1); },
    subset(sub) {
      const arrayValues = this.keys;
      return new ProxiedEnumCtor(
        [...sub.toString(2)].reverse()
          .reduce( (acc, v, i) => ( +v < 1 ? acc : [...acc, arrayValues[i]] ), [] )
      );
    },
    getLabel(enumValue) {
      const tryLabel = Object.entries(this).find( value => value[1] === enumValue );
      return !enumValue || !tryLabel.length ? 
        "getLabel: no value parameter or value not in enum" :
        tryLabel.shift();
    },
    hasFlag(val, sub = this) { return hasFlag(val, sub); },
  };
  
  return arr => new ProxiedEnumCtor(arr);
}

我也在寻找这个问题的答案,并找到了这一页的答案,我认为答案与这里的大多数答案不同:https://www.sohamkamani.com/javascript/enums/

我将把文章的答案部分复制到这里,以防将来链接无效或其他情况:

带符号的枚举:符号让我们定义保证不会冲突的值彼此之间。例如:

const Summer1 = Symbol("summer")
const Summer2 = Symbol("summer")

// Even though they have the same apparent value
// Summer1 and Summer2 don't equate
console.log(Summer1 === Summer2)
// false

console.log(Summer1)

我们可以使用符号定义枚举,以确保它们不是复制:

const Summer = Symbol("summer")
const Autumn = Symbol("autumn")
const Winter = Symbol("winter")
const Spring = Symbol("spring")

let season = Spring

switch (season) {
    case Summer:
    console.log('the season is summer')
    break;
    case Winter:
    console.log('the season is winter')
    break;
    case Spring:
    console.log('the season is spring')
    break;
    case Autumn:
    console.log('the season is autumn')
    break;
    default:
    console.log('season not defined')
}

使用Symbol可以确保我们分配枚举值的唯一方法是使用我们最初定义的常量。

具有类的枚举:

为了使代码更加语义正确,我们可以创建一个类保存一组枚举。例如,我们的季节应该有一种方法来识别它们都属于类似的分类。让我们看看如何使用类和对象创建不同的枚举组:

// Season enums can be grouped as static members of a class
class Season {
  // Create new instances of the same class as static attributes
  static Summer = new Season("summer")
  static Autumn = new Season("autumn")
  static Winter = new Season("winter")
  static Spring = new Season("spring")

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name
  }
}

// Now we can access enums using namespaced assignments
// this makes it semantically clear that "Summer" is a "Season"
let season = Season.Summer

// We can verify whether a particular variable is a Season enum
console.log(season instanceof Season)
// true
console.log(Symbol('something') instanceof Season)
//false

// We can explicitly check the type based on each enums class
console.log(season.constructor.name)
// 'Season'

个人注意:我本应该使用此构造函数:(注意:将this.name设置为字符串而不是对象,会丢失以下一些验证。可以选择删除:.description。我还想找到一种方法,不必键入Seasons.summer.name,而只需:Seasons.summer即可使其返回字符串)

  constructor(name) {
    this.name = Symbol(name).description
  }

列出所有可能的枚举值:

如果我们使用上述基于类的方法Season类的键,以获取同一类下的所有枚举值组:

Object.keys(Season).forEach(season => console.log("season:", season))
// season: Summer
// season: Autumn
// season: Winter
// season: Spring

何时在Javascript中使用枚举?

通常,如果有一定数量的固定任何一个变量的值_例如,Node.js的加密标准库有一个受支持的算法列表,可以将其视为枚举组。正确使用Javascript中的enums将产生更好的代码更稳定、更容易阅读和更少出错。