我必须用sprintf格式化std::string,并将其发送到文件流。我该怎么做呢?
当前回答
Windows和Visual Studio有一个非常有吸引力的解决方案:CString。
CString str;
str.Format("Hello %s\n", "World");
str = "ABC";
str += "DEF";
其他回答
Poco Foundation库有一个非常方便的格式函数,它在格式字符串和值中都支持std::string:
道格:http://pocoproject.org/docs/Poco.html # 7308 来源:https://github.com/pocoproject/poco/blob/develop/Foundation/src/Format.cpp
我用vsnprintf写了我自己的,所以它返回字符串,而不是必须创建我自己的缓冲区。
#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
//missing string printf
//this is safe and convenient but not exactly efficient
inline std::string format(const char* fmt, ...){
int size = 512;
char* buffer = 0;
buffer = new char[size];
va_list vl;
va_start(vl, fmt);
int nsize = vsnprintf(buffer, size, fmt, vl);
if(size<=nsize){ //fail delete buffer and try again
delete[] buffer;
buffer = 0;
buffer = new char[nsize+1]; //+1 for /0
nsize = vsnprintf(buffer, size, fmt, vl);
}
std::string ret(buffer);
va_end(vl);
delete[] buffer;
return ret;
}
所以你可以用它
std::string mystr = format("%s %d %10.5f", "omg", 1, 10.5);
这是谷歌的做法: facebook也以类似的方式:StringPrintf (Apache许可证) 两者都提供了一个方便的StringAppendF。
我知道这个问题已经被回答过很多次了,但下面这个更简洁:
std::string format(const std::string fmt_str, ...)
{
va_list ap;
char *fp = NULL;
va_start(ap, fmt_str);
vasprintf(&fp, fmt_str.c_str(), ap);
va_end(ap);
std::unique_ptr<char[]> formatted(fp);
return std::string(formatted.get());
}
例子:
#include <iostream>
#include <random>
int main()
{
std::random_device r;
std::cout << format("Hello %d!\n", r());
}
参见http://rextester.com/NJB14150
到目前为止,所有的答案似乎都有一个或多个这样的问题:(1)它可能无法在vc++上工作(2)它需要额外的依赖,如boost或fmt(3)它太复杂的自定义实现,可能没有经过很好的测试。
下面的代码解决了上述所有问题。
#include <string>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <memory>
std::string stringf(const char* format, ...)
{
va_list args;
va_start(args, format);
#ifndef _MSC_VER
//GCC generates warning for valid use of snprintf to get
//size of result string. We suppress warning with below macro.
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"
#endif
size_t size = std::snprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args) + 1; // Extra space for '\0'
#ifdef __GNUC__
# pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[ size ] );
std::vsnprintf(buf.get(), size, format, args);
return std::string(buf.get(), buf.get() + size - 1 ); // We don't want the '\0' inside
#else
int size = _vscprintf(format, args);
std::string result(++size, 0);
vsnprintf_s((char*)result.data(), size, _TRUNCATE, format, args);
return result;
#endif
va_end(args);
}
int main() {
float f = 3.f;
int i = 5;
std::string s = "hello!";
auto rs = stringf("i=%d, f=%f, s=%s", i, f, s.c_str());
printf("%s", rs.c_str());
return 0;
}
注:
Separate VC++ code branch is necessary because VC++ has decided to deprecate snprintf which will generate compiler warnings for other highly voted answers above. As I always run in "warnings as errors" mode, its no go for me. The function accepts char * instead of std::string. This because most of the time this function would be called with literal string which is indeed char *, not std::string. In case you do have std::string as format parameter, then just call .c_str(). Name of the function is stringf instead of things like string_format to keepup with printf, scanf etc. It doesn't address safety issue (i.e. bad parameters can potentially cause seg fault instead of exception). If you need this then you are better off with boost or fmt libraries. My preference here would be fmt because it is just one header and source file to drop in the project while having less weird formatting syntax than boost. However both are non-compatible with printf format strings so below is still useful in that case. The stringf code passes through GCC strict mode compilation. This requires extra #pragma macros to suppress false positives in GCC warnings.
以上代码已在,
GCC 4.9.2 11 / c++ / C + + 14 vc++编译器19.0 铿锵声3.7.0
推荐文章
- decltype(auto)的一些用途是什么?
- Shared_ptr转换为数组:应该使用它吗?
- Printf与std::字符串?
- 禁用复制构造函数
- 不区分大小写的“in”
- 我如何得到一个字符串的前n个字符而不检查大小或出界?
- 只接受特定类型的c++模板
- 如何在PHP中截断字符串最接近于一定数量的字符?
- c#和Java中的泛型有什么不同?和模板在c++ ?
- Ruby数组到字符串的转换
- c++ 11中的递归lambda函数
- 在c++中指针使用NULL或0(零)吗?
- 为什么在Java和。net中不能修改字符串?
- 在c++中,如何将int值附加到字符串中?
- 如何创建一个日期对象从字符串在javascript