如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址?
我想通过他/她的IP地址登录到我的网站的用户的记录。
当前回答
下面是一段代码，可以通过检查各种源来选择一个有效的IP。
首先，它检查'REMOTE_ADDR'是否是一个公共IP(并且不是您信任的反向代理之一)，然后遍历其中一个HTTP头，直到找到一个公共IP并返回它。(PHP 5.2 +)
只要反向代理是可信的，或者服务器与客户端直接连接，它就应该是可靠的。
//Get client's IP or null if nothing looks valid
function ip_get($allow_private = false)
{
//Place your trusted proxy server IPs here.
$proxy_ip = ['127.0.0.1'];
//The header to look for (Make sure to pick the one that your trusted reverse proxy is sending or else you can get spoofed)
$header = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'; //HTTP_CLIENT_IP, HTTP_X_FORWARDED, HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_FORWARDED
//If 'REMOTE_ADDR' seems to be a valid client IP, use it.
if(ip_check($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $allow_private, $proxy_ip)) return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
if(isset($_SERVER[$header]))
{
//Split comma separated values [1] in the header and traverse the proxy chain backwards.
//[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For#Format
$chain = array_reverse(preg_split('/\s*,\s*/', $_SERVER[$header]));
foreach($chain as $ip) if(ip_check($ip, $allow_private, $proxy_ip)) return $ip;
}
return null;
}
//Check for valid IP. If 'allow_private' flag is set to truthy, it allows private IP ranges as valid client IP as well. (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, 192.168.0.0/16)
//Pass your trusted reverse proxy IPs as $proxy_ip to exclude them from being valid.
function ip_check($ip, $allow_private = false, $proxy_ip = [])
{
if(!is_string($ip) || is_array($proxy_ip) && in_array($ip, $proxy_ip)) return false;
$filter_flag = FILTER_FLAG_NO_RES_RANGE;
if(!$allow_private)
{
//Disallow loopback IP range which doesn't get filtered via 'FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE' [1]
//[1] https://www.php.net/manual/en/filter.filters.validate.php
if(preg_match('/^127\.$/', $ip)) return false;
$filter_flag |= FILTER_FLAG_NO_PRIV_RANGE;
}
return filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, $filter_flag) !== false;
}
其他回答
我最喜欢的解决方案是Zend Framework 2使用的方式。它还考虑$_SERVER属性HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_CLIENT_IP, REMOTE_ADDR，但是它声明了一个类来设置一些可信代理，并且它返回一个IP地址而不是一个数组。我认为这是最接近它的解决方案:
class RemoteAddress
{
/**
* Whether to use proxy addresses or not.
*
* As default this setting is disabled - IP address is mostly needed to increase
* security. HTTP_* are not reliable since can easily be spoofed. It can be enabled
* just for more flexibility, but if user uses proxy to connect to trusted services
* it's his/her own risk, only reliable field for IP address is $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].
*
* @var bool
*/
protected $useProxy = false;
/**
* List of trusted proxy IP addresses
*
* @var array
*/
protected $trustedProxies = array();
/**
* HTTP header to introspect for proxies
*
* @var string
*/
protected $proxyHeader = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR';
// [...]
/**
* Returns client IP address.
*
* @return string IP address.
*/
public function getIpAddress()
{
$ip = $this->getIpAddressFromProxy();
if ($ip) {
return $ip;
}
// direct IP address
if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}
return '';
}
/**
* Attempt to get the IP address for a proxied client
*
* @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-10#section-5.2
* @return false|string
*/
protected function getIpAddressFromProxy()
{
if (!$this->useProxy
|| (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && !in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $this->trustedProxies))
) {
return false;
}
$header = $this->proxyHeader;
if (!isset($_SERVER[$header]) || empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
return false;
}
// Extract IPs
$ips = explode(',', $_SERVER[$header]);
// trim, so we can compare against trusted proxies properly
$ips = array_map('trim', $ips);
// remove trusted proxy IPs
$ips = array_diff($ips, $this->trustedProxies);
// Any left?
if (empty($ips)) {
return false;
}
// Since we've removed any known, trusted proxy servers, the right-most
// address represents the first IP we do not know about -- i.e., we do
// not know if it is a proxy server, or a client. As such, we treat it
// as the originating IP.
// @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
$ip = array_pop($ips);
return $ip;
}
// [...]
}
在这里查看完整代码: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zendframework/zend-http/master/src/PhpEnvironment/RemoteAddress.php
它应该包含在$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']变量中。
以下是我发现的最先进的方法，我在过去已经尝试过其他一些方法。确保获得访问者的IP地址是有效的(但请注意，任何黑客都很容易伪造IP地址)。
function get_ip_address() {
// Check for shared Internet/ISP IP
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
}
// Check for IP addresses passing through proxies
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
// Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
$iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
if (validate_ip($ip))
return $ip;
}
}
else {
if (validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
}
}
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
// Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}
/**
* Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
* a private network range.
*/
function validate_ip($ip) {
if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
return false;
// Generate IPv4 network address
$ip = ip2long($ip);
// If the IP address is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
// Make sure to get unsigned long representation of IP address
// due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
// signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
$ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);
// Do private network range checking
if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647)
return false;
if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303)
return false;
if ($ip >= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239)
return false;
if ($ip >= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055)
return false;
if ($ip >= 4294967040)
return false;
}
return true;
}
我使用了其他答案之一，并添加了一些额外的东西，如CloudFlare代理和NGINX代理检测。
/**
* Gets, validates and returns the connecting client's IP
*/
function getClientIP(){
// Get real visitor IP behind CloudFlare network
if (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP"]) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) {
return $_SERVER["HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP"];
}
// Get real visitor IP behind NGINX proxy - https://easyengine.io/tutorials/nginx/forwarding-visitors-real-ip/
if (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_X_REAL_IP"]) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REAL_IP'])) {
return $_SERVER["HTTP_X_REAL_IP"];
}
// Check for shared Internet/ISP IP
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
}
// Check for IP addresses passing through proxies
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
// Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
$iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
if (validateIP($ip))
return $ip;
}
}
else {
if (validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
}
}
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validateIP($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
// Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}
/**
* Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
* a private network range.
*/
function validateIP($ip) {
if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
return false;
// Generate IPv4 network address
$ip = ip2long($ip);
// Do additional filtering on IP
if(!filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP))
return false;
// If the IP address is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
// Make sure to get unsigned long representation of IP address
// due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
// signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
$ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);
// Do private network range checking
if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647)
return false;
if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303)
return false;
if ($ip >= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239)
return false;
if ($ip >= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055)
return false;
if ($ip >= 4294967040)
return false;
}
return true;
}
我在生产节点中使用它，它工作得很好。由于大部分代码来自这里，我已经在GNU @ https://github.com/d3vdigital/whatsmyip-node下发布了一个节点
echo $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
http://php.net/manual/en/reserved.variables.server.php
