我希望使用shell脚本调用长形式和短形式的命令行选项。
我知道可以使用getopts，但是像在Perl中一样，我不能用shell做同样的事情。
关于如何做到这一点的任何想法，这样我就可以使用如下选项:
./shell.sh --copyfile abc.pl /tmp/
./shell.sh -c abc.pl /tmp/
在上面，这两个命令对我的shell意味着同样的事情，但使用getopts，我还不能实现这些?
当前回答
#!/bin/bash
while getopts "abc:d:" flag
do
case $flag in
a) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag";;
b) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag";;
c) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag $OPTARG";;
d) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag $OPTARG";;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
echo "[otheropts]==> $@"
exit
.
#!/bin/bash
until [ -z "$1" ]; do
case $1 in
"--dlong")
shift
if [ "${1:1:0}" != "-" ]
then
echo "==> dlong $1"
shift
fi;;
*) echo "==> other $1"; shift;;
esac
done
exit
其他回答
看一下shFlags，它是一个可移植的shell库(意思是:sh, bash, dash, ksh, zsh在Linux, Solaris等上)。
它使得添加新标志就像在脚本中添加一行一样简单，并且它提供了一个自动生成的用法函数。
这是一个简单的Hello, world!使用shFlag:
#!/bin/sh
# source shflags from current directory
. ./shflags
# define a 'name' command-line string flag
DEFINE_string 'name' 'world' 'name to say hello to' 'n'
# parse the command-line
FLAGS "$@" || exit 1
eval set -- "${FLAGS_ARGV}"
# say hello
echo "Hello, ${FLAGS_name}!"
对于具有支持长选项的增强getopt的操作系统(例如Linux)，您可以这样做:
$ ./hello_world.sh --name Kate
Hello, Kate!
对于其他情况，您必须使用短选项:
$ ./hello_world.sh -n Kate
Hello, Kate!
添加一个新标志就像添加一个新的DEFINE_调用一样简单。
#!/bin/bash
while getopts "abc:d:" flag
do
case $flag in
a) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag";;
b) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag";;
c) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag $OPTARG";;
d) echo "[getopts:$OPTIND]==> -$flag $OPTARG";;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND-1))
echo "[otheropts]==> $@"
exit
.
#!/bin/bash
until [ -z "$1" ]; do
case $1 in
"--dlong")
shift
if [ "${1:1:0}" != "-" ]
then
echo "==> dlong $1"
shift
fi;;
*) echo "==> other $1"; shift;;
esac
done
exit
如果这就是您想要调用脚本的方式
myscript.sh --input1 "ABC" --input2 "PQR" --input2 "XYZ"
然后，您可以使用getopt和——longoptions来实现这个最简单的方法
试试这个，希望对你有用
# Read command line options
ARGUMENT_LIST=(
"input1"
"input2"
"input3"
)
# read arguments
opts=$(getopt \
--longoptions "$(printf "%s:," "${ARGUMENT_LIST[@]}")" \
--name "$(basename "$0")" \
--options "" \
-- "$@"
)
echo $opts
eval set --$opts
while true; do
case "$1" in
--input1)
shift
empId=$1
;;
--input2)
shift
fromDate=$1
;;
--input3)
shift
toDate=$1
;;
--)
shift
break
;;
esac
shift
done
为了保持跨平台兼容性，避免依赖外部可执行文件，我从另一种语言移植了一些代码。
我发现它很容易使用，这里有一个例子:
ArgParser::addArg "[h]elp" false "This list"
ArgParser::addArg "[q]uiet" false "Supress output"
ArgParser::addArg "[s]leep" 1 "Seconds to sleep"
ArgParser::addArg "v" 1 "Verbose mode"
ArgParser::parse "$@"
ArgParser::isset help && ArgParser::showArgs
ArgParser::isset "quiet" \
&& echo "Quiet!" \
|| echo "Noisy!"
local __sleep
ArgParser::tryAndGetArg sleep into __sleep \
&& echo "Sleep for $__sleep seconds" \
|| echo "No value passed for sleep"
# This way is often more convienient, but is a little slower
echo "Sleep set to: $( ArgParser::getArg sleep )"
所需的BASH有点长，但我希望避免依赖BASH 4的关联数组。你也可以直接从http://nt4.com/bash/argparser.inc.sh下载
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Updates to this script may be found at
# http://nt4.com/bash/argparser.inc.sh
# Example of runtime usage:
# mnc.sh --nc -q Caprica.S0*mkv *.avi *.mp3 --more-options here --host centos8.host.com
# Example of use in script (see bottom)
# Just include this file in yours, or use
# source argparser.inc.sh
unset EXPLODED
declare -a EXPLODED
function explode
{
local c=$#
(( c < 2 )) &&
{
echo function "$0" is missing parameters
return 1
}
local delimiter="$1"
local string="$2"
local limit=${3-99}
local tmp_delim=$'\x07'
local delin=${string//$delimiter/$tmp_delim}
local oldifs="$IFS"
IFS="$tmp_delim"
EXPLODED=($delin)
IFS="$oldifs"
}
# See: http://fvue.nl/wiki/Bash:_Passing_variables_by_reference
# Usage: local "$1" && upvar $1 "value(s)"
upvar() {
if unset -v "$1"; then # Unset & validate varname
if (( $# == 2 )); then
eval $1=\"\$2\" # Return single value
else
eval $1=\(\"\${@:2}\"\) # Return array
fi
fi
}
function decho
{
:
}
function ArgParser::check
{
__args=${#__argparser__arglist[@]}
for (( i=0; i<__args; i++ ))
do
matched=0
explode "|" "${__argparser__arglist[$i]}"
if [ "${#1}" -eq 1 ]
then
if [ "${1}" == "${EXPLODED[0]}" ]
then
decho "Matched $1 with ${EXPLODED[0]}"
matched=1
break
fi
else
if [ "${1}" == "${EXPLODED[1]}" ]
then
decho "Matched $1 with ${EXPLODED[1]}"
matched=1
break
fi
fi
done
(( matched == 0 )) && return 2
# decho "Key $key has default argument of ${EXPLODED[3]}"
if [ "${EXPLODED[3]}" == "false" ]
then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}
function ArgParser::set
{
key=$3
value="${1:-true}"
declare -g __argpassed__$key="$value"
}
function ArgParser::parse
{
unset __argparser__argv
__argparser__argv=()
# echo parsing: "$@"
while [ -n "$1" ]
do
# echo "Processing $1"
if [ "${1:0:2}" == '--' ]
then
key=${1:2}
value=$2
elif [ "${1:0:1}" == '-' ]
then
key=${1:1} # Strip off leading -
value=$2
else
decho "Not argument or option: '$1'" >& 2
__argparser__argv+=( "$1" )
shift
continue
fi
# parameter=${tmp%%=*} # Extract name.
# value=${tmp##*=} # Extract value.
decho "Key: '$key', value: '$value'"
# eval $parameter=$value
ArgParser::check $key
el=$?
# echo "Check returned $el for $key"
[ $el -eq 2 ] && decho "No match for option '$1'" >&2 # && __argparser__argv+=( "$1" )
[ $el -eq 0 ] && decho "Matched option '${EXPLODED[2]}' with no arguments" >&2 && ArgParser::set true "${EXPLODED[@]}"
[ $el -eq 1 ] && decho "Matched option '${EXPLODED[2]}' with an argument of '$2'" >&2 && ArgParser::set "$2" "${EXPLODED[@]}" && shift
shift
done
}
function ArgParser::isset
{
declare -p "__argpassed__$1" > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
return 1
}
function ArgParser::getArg
{
# This one would be a bit silly, since we can only return non-integer arguments ineffeciently
varname="__argpassed__$1"
echo "${!varname}"
}
##
# usage: tryAndGetArg <argname> into <varname>
# returns: 0 on success, 1 on failure
function ArgParser::tryAndGetArg
{
local __varname="__argpassed__$1"
local __value="${!__varname}"
test -z "$__value" && return 1
local "$3" && upvar $3 "$__value"
return 0
}
function ArgParser::__construct
{
unset __argparser__arglist
# declare -a __argparser__arglist
}
##
# @brief add command line argument
# @param 1 short and/or long, eg: [s]hort
# @param 2 default value
# @param 3 description
##
function ArgParser::addArg
{
# check for short arg within long arg
if [[ "$1" =~ \[(.)\] ]]
then
short=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
long=${1/\[$short\]/$short}
else
long=$1
fi
if [ "${#long}" -eq 1 ]
then
short=$long
long=''
fi
decho short: "$short"
decho long: "$long"
__argparser__arglist+=("$short|$long|$1|$2|$3")
}
##
# @brief show available command line arguments
##
function ArgParser::showArgs
{
# declare -p | grep argparser
printf "Usage: %s [OPTION...]\n\n" "$( basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )"
printf "Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.\n\n";
__args=${#__argparser__arglist[@]}
for (( i=0; i<__args; i++ ))
do
local shortname=
local fullname=
local default=
local description=
local comma=
explode "|" "${__argparser__arglist[$i]}"
shortname="${EXPLODED[0]:+-${EXPLODED[0]}}" # String Substitution Guide:
fullname="${EXPLODED[1]:+--${EXPLODED[1]}}" # http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/parameter-substitution.html
test -n "$shortname" \
&& test -n "$fullname" \
&& comma=","
default="${EXPLODED[3]}"
case $default in
false )
default=
;;
"" )
default=
;;
* )
default="[$default]"
esac
description="${EXPLODED[4]}"
printf " %2s%1s %-19s %s %s\n" "$shortname" "$comma" "$fullname" "$description" "$default"
done
}
function ArgParser::test
{
# Arguments with a default of 'false' do not take paramaters (note: default
# values are not applied in this release)
ArgParser::addArg "[h]elp" false "This list"
ArgParser::addArg "[q]uiet" false "Supress output"
ArgParser::addArg "[s]leep" 1 "Seconds to sleep"
ArgParser::addArg "v" 1 "Verbose mode"
ArgParser::parse "$@"
ArgParser::isset help && ArgParser::showArgs
ArgParser::isset "quiet" \
&& echo "Quiet!" \
|| echo "Noisy!"
local __sleep
ArgParser::tryAndGetArg sleep into __sleep \
&& echo "Sleep for $__sleep seconds" \
|| echo "No value passed for sleep"
# This way is often more convienient, but is a little slower
echo "Sleep set to: $( ArgParser::getArg sleep )"
echo "Remaining command line: ${__argparser__argv[@]}"
}
if [ "$( basename "$0" )" == "argparser.inc.sh" ]
then
ArgParser::test "$@"
fi
如果你不想要getopt依赖，你可以这样做:
while test $# -gt 0
do
case $1 in
# Normal option processing
-h | --help)
# usage and help
;;
-v | --version)
# version info
;;
# ...
# Special cases
--)
break
;;
--*)
# error unknown (long) option $1
;;
-?)
# error unknown (short) option $1
;;
# FUN STUFF HERE:
# Split apart combined short options
-*)
split=$1
shift
set -- $(echo "$split" | cut -c 2- | sed 's/./-& /g') "$@"
continue
;;
# Done with options
*)
break
;;
esac
# for testing purposes:
echo "$1"
shift
done
当然，这样你就不能使用长样式选项。如果你想添加缩短的版本(例如——verbos而不是——verbose)，那么你需要手动添加这些。
但是如果您希望获得getopts功能和长选项，这是一种简单的方法。
我也把这个片段作为一个主旨。
