这是我为特定要求编写的代码，即:目的地总是在景观比例。这会给你一个好的开始。

public Image ResizeImage(Image source, RectangleF destinationBounds)
{
    RectangleF sourceBounds = new RectangleF(0.0f,0.0f,(float)source.Width, (float)source.Height);
    RectangleF scaleBounds = new RectangleF();

    Image destinationImage = new Bitmap((int)destinationBounds.Width, (int)destinationBounds.Height);
    Graphics graph = Graphics.FromImage(destinationImage);
    graph.InterpolationMode =
        System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

    // Fill with background color
    graph.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(System.Drawing.Color.White), destinationBounds);

    float resizeRatio, sourceRatio;
    float scaleWidth, scaleHeight;

    sourceRatio = (float)source.Width / (float)source.Height;

    if (sourceRatio >= 1.0f)
    {
        //landscape
        resizeRatio = destinationBounds.Width / sourceBounds.Width;
        scaleWidth = destinationBounds.Width;
        scaleHeight = sourceBounds.Height * resizeRatio;
        float trimValue = destinationBounds.Height - scaleHeight;
        graph.DrawImage(source, 0, (trimValue / 2), destinationBounds.Width, scaleHeight);
    }
    else
    {
        //portrait
        resizeRatio = destinationBounds.Height/sourceBounds.Height;
        scaleWidth = sourceBounds.Width * resizeRatio;
        scaleHeight = destinationBounds.Height;
        float trimValue = destinationBounds.Width - scaleWidth;
        graph.DrawImage(source, (trimValue / 2), 0, scaleWidth, destinationBounds.Height);
    }

    return destinationImage;

}

为什么不用System.Drawing.Image.GetThumbnailImage方法呢?

public Image GetThumbnailImage(
    int thumbWidth, 
    int thumbHeight, 
    Image.GetThumbnailImageAbort callback, 
    IntPtr callbackData)

例子:

Image originalImage = System.Drawing.Image.FromStream(inputStream, true, true);
Image resizedImage = originalImage.GetThumbnailImage(newWidth, (newWidth * originalImage.Height) / originalWidth, null, IntPtr.Zero);
resizedImage.Save(imagePath, ImageFormat.Png);

来源: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.drawing.image.getthumbnailimage.aspx

如果你正在使用BitmapSource:

var resizedBitmap = new TransformedBitmap(
    bitmapSource,
    new ScaleTransform(scaleX, scaleY));

如果你想要更好的控制质量，首先运行这个:

RenderOptions.SetBitmapScalingMode(
    bitmapSource,
    BitmapScalingMode.HighQuality);

(默认为BitmapScalingMode。线性，相当于BitmapScalingMode.LowQuality。)

这个代码与上面的一个答案相同。但将透明像素转换为白色而不是黑色…谢谢:)

    public Image resizeImage(int newWidth, int newHeight, string stPhotoPath)
    {
        Image imgPhoto = Image.FromFile(stPhotoPath);

        int sourceWidth = imgPhoto.Width;
        int sourceHeight = imgPhoto.Height;

        //Consider vertical pics
        if (sourceWidth < sourceHeight)
        {
            int buff = newWidth;

            newWidth = newHeight;
            newHeight = buff;
        }

        int sourceX = 0, sourceY = 0, destX = 0, destY = 0;
        float nPercent = 0, nPercentW = 0, nPercentH = 0;

        nPercentW = ((float)newWidth / (float)sourceWidth);
        nPercentH = ((float)newHeight / (float)sourceHeight);
        if (nPercentH < nPercentW)
        {
            nPercent = nPercentH;
            destX = System.Convert.ToInt16((newWidth -
                      (sourceWidth * nPercent)) / 2);
        }
        else
        {
            nPercent = nPercentW;
            destY = System.Convert.ToInt16((newHeight -
                      (sourceHeight * nPercent)) / 2);
        }

        int destWidth = (int)(sourceWidth * nPercent);
        int destHeight = (int)(sourceHeight * nPercent);


        Bitmap bmPhoto = new Bitmap(newWidth, newHeight,
                      PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);

        bmPhoto.SetResolution(imgPhoto.HorizontalResolution,
                     imgPhoto.VerticalResolution);

        Graphics grPhoto = Graphics.FromImage(bmPhoto);
        grPhoto.Clear(Color.White);
        grPhoto.InterpolationMode =
            System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

        grPhoto.DrawImage(imgPhoto,
            new Rectangle(destX, destY, destWidth, destHeight),
            new Rectangle(sourceX, sourceY, sourceWidth, sourceHeight),
            GraphicsUnit.Pixel);

        grPhoto.Dispose();
        imgPhoto.Dispose();

        return bmPhoto;
    }

这将执行高质量的调整大小:

/// <summary>
/// Resize the image to the specified width and height.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="image">The image to resize.</param>
/// <param name="width">The width to resize to.</param>
/// <param name="height">The height to resize to.</param>
/// <returns>The resized image.</returns>
public static Bitmap ResizeImage(Image image, int width, int height)
{
    var destRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height);
    var destImage = new Bitmap(width, height);

    destImage.SetResolution(image.HorizontalResolution, image.VerticalResolution);

    using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(destImage))
    {
        graphics.CompositingMode = CompositingMode.SourceCopy;
        graphics.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighQuality;
        graphics.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
        graphics.SmoothingMode = SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
        graphics.PixelOffsetMode = PixelOffsetMode.HighQuality;

        using (var wrapMode = new ImageAttributes())
        {
            wrapMode.SetWrapMode(WrapMode.TileFlipXY);
            graphics.DrawImage(image, destRect, 0, 0, image.Width,image.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, wrapMode);
        }
    }

    return destImage;
}

wrapMode.SetWrapMode(WrapMode.TileFlipXY) prevents ghosting around the image borders -- naïve resizing will sample transparent pixels beyond the image boundaries, but by mirroring the image we can get a better sample (this setting is very noticeable) destImage.SetResolution maintains DPI regardless of physical size -- may increase quality when reducing image dimensions or when printing Compositing controls how pixels are blended with the background -- might not be needed since we're only drawing one thing. graphics.CompositingMode determines whether pixels from a source image overwrite or are combined with background pixels. SourceCopy specifies that when a color is rendered, it overwrites the background color. graphics.CompositingQuality determines the rendering quality level of layered images. graphics.InterpolationMode determines how intermediate values between two endpoints are calculated graphics.SmoothingMode specifies whether lines, curves, and the edges of filled areas use smoothing (also called antialiasing) -- probably only works on vectors graphics.PixelOffsetMode affects rendering quality when drawing the new image

保持纵横比是留给读者的练习(实际上，我只是不认为这个函数的工作是为您做这件事)。

此外，这是一篇很好的文章，描述了调整图像大小的一些陷阱。上面的函数将涵盖其中的大部分，但您仍然需要担心保存。

你可以试试net-vips, libvips的c#绑定。它是一个懒惰的、流的、需求驱动的图像处理库，所以它可以做这样的操作，而不需要加载整个图像。

例如，它附带了一个方便的图像缩略图:

using Image image = Image.Thumbnail("image.jpg", 300, 300);
image.WriteToFile("my-thumbnail.jpg");

它还支持智能裁剪，这是一种智能确定图像中最重要的部分并在裁剪图像时保持对焦的方法。例如:

using Image image = Image.Thumbnail("owl.jpg", 128, crop: Enums.Interesting.Attention);
image.WriteToFile("tn_owl.jpg");

其中owl.jpg是一个偏离中心的合成:

给出如下结果:

首先，它将图像的垂直轴缩小到128像素，然后使用注意力策略将图像缩小到128像素。这一个搜索图像中可能吸引人眼的特征，详见Smartcrop()。