这是我在2016年完成的实现版本

所有内容都在一个头文件中，所以很容易使用 https://github.com/skident/eos/blob/master/include/eos/io/print.hpp

/*! \file       print.hpp
 *  \brief      Useful functions for work with STL containers. 
 *          
 *  Now it supports generic print for STL containers like: [elem1, elem2, elem3]
 *  Supported STL conrainers: vector, deque, list, set multiset, unordered_set,
 *  map, multimap, unordered_map, array
 *
 *  \author     Skident
 *  \date       02.09.2016
 *  \copyright  Skident Inc.
 */

#pragma once

// check is the C++11 or greater available (special hack for MSVC)
#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && __cplusplus >= 199711L) || __cplusplus >= 201103L
    #define MODERN_CPP_AVAILABLE 1
#endif


#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <vector>
#include <deque>
#include <set>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <cctype>

#ifdef MODERN_CPP_AVAILABLE
    #include <array>
    #include <unordered_set>
    #include <unordered_map>
    #include <forward_list>
#endif


#define dump(value) std::cout << (#value) << ": " << (value) << std::endl

#define BUILD_CONTENT                                                       \
        std::stringstream ss;                                               \
        for (; it != collection.end(); ++it)                                \
        {                                                                   \
            ss << *it << elem_separator;                                    \
        }                                                                   \


#define BUILD_MAP_CONTENT                                                   \
        std::stringstream ss;                                               \
        for (; it != collection.end(); ++it)                                \
        {                                                                   \
            ss  << it->first                                                \
                << keyval_separator                                         \
                << it->second                                               \
                << elem_separator;                                          \
        }                                                                   \


#define COMPILE_CONTENT                                                     \
        std::string data = ss.str();                                        \
        if (!data.empty() && !elem_separator.empty())                       \
            data = data.substr(0, data.rfind(elem_separator));              \
        std::string result = first_bracket + data + last_bracket;           \
        os << result;                                                       \
        if (needEndl)                                                       \
            os << std::endl;                                                \



////
///
///
/// Template definitions
///
///

//generic template for classes: deque, list, forward_list, vector
#define VECTOR_AND_CO_TEMPLATE                                          \
    template<                                                           \
        template<class T,                                               \
                 class Alloc = std::allocator<T> >                      \
        class Container, class Type, class Alloc>                       \

#define SET_TEMPLATE                                                    \
    template<                                                           \
        template<class T,                                               \
                 class Compare = std::less<T>,                          \
                 class Alloc = std::allocator<T> >                      \
            class Container, class T, class Compare, class Alloc>       \

#define USET_TEMPLATE                                                   \
    template<                                                           \
template < class Key,                                                   \
           class Hash = std::hash<Key>,                                 \
           class Pred = std::equal_to<Key>,                             \
           class Alloc = std::allocator<Key>                            \
           >                                                            \
    class Container, class Key, class Hash, class Pred, class Alloc     \
    >                                                                   \


#define MAP_TEMPLATE                                                    \
    template<                                                           \
        template<class Key,                                             \
                class T,                                                \
                class Compare = std::less<Key>,                         \
                class Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key,T> >   \
                >                                                       \
        class Container, class Key,                                     \
        class Value/*, class Compare, class Alloc*/>                    \


#define UMAP_TEMPLATE                                                   \
    template<                                                           \
        template<class Key,                                             \
                   class T,                                             \
                   class Hash = std::hash<Key>,                         \
                   class Pred = std::equal_to<Key>,                     \
                   class Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const Key,T> >\
                 >                                                      \
        class Container, class Key, class Value,                        \
        class Hash, class Pred, class Alloc                             \
                >                                                       \


#define ARRAY_TEMPLATE                                                  \
    template<                                                           \
        template<class T, std::size_t N>                                \
        class Array, class Type, std::size_t Size>                      \



namespace eos
{
    static const std::string default_elem_separator     = ", ";
    static const std::string default_keyval_separator   = " => ";
    static const std::string default_first_bracket      = "[";
    static const std::string default_last_bracket       = "]";


    //! Prints template Container<T> as in Python
    //! Supported containers: vector, deque, list, set, unordered_set(C++11), forward_list(C++11)
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    template<class Container>
    void print( const Container& collection
              , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
              , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
              , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
              , std::ostream& os = std::cout
              , bool needEndl = true
            )
    {
        typename Container::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }


    //! Prints collections with one template argument and allocator as in Python.
    //! Supported standard collections: vector, deque, list, forward_list
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param keyval_separator separator between key and value of map. For default it is the '=>'
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    VECTOR_AND_CO_TEMPLATE
    void print( const Container<Type>& collection
              , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
              , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
              , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
              , std::ostream& os = std::cout
              , bool needEndl = true
            )
    {
        typename Container<Type>::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }


    //! Prints collections like std:set<T, Compare, Alloc> as in Python
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param keyval_separator separator between key and value of map. For default it is the '=>'
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    SET_TEMPLATE
    void print( const Container<T, Compare, Alloc>& collection
              , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
              , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
              , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
              , std::ostream& os = std::cout
              , bool needEndl = true
            )
    {
        typename Container<T, Compare, Alloc>::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }


    //! Prints collections like std:unordered_set<Key, Hash, Pred, Alloc> as in Python
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param keyval_separator separator between key and value of map. For default it is the '=>'
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    USET_TEMPLATE
    void print( const Container<Key, Hash, Pred, Alloc>& collection
              , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
              , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
              , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
              , std::ostream& os = std::cout
              , bool needEndl = true
            )
    {
        typename Container<Key, Hash, Pred, Alloc>::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }

    //! Prints collections like std:map<T, U> as in Python
    //! supports generic objects of std: map, multimap
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param keyval_separator separator between key and value of map. For default it is the '=>'
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    MAP_TEMPLATE
    void print(   const Container<Key, Value>& collection
                , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
                , const std::string& keyval_separator = default_keyval_separator
                , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
                , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
                , std::ostream& os = std::cout
                , bool needEndl = true
        )
    {
        typename Container<Key, Value>::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_MAP_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }

    //! Prints classes like std:unordered_map as in Python
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param keyval_separator separator between key and value of map. For default it is the '=>'
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    UMAP_TEMPLATE
    void print(   const Container<Key, Value, Hash, Pred, Alloc>& collection
                , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
                , const std::string& keyval_separator = default_keyval_separator
                , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
                , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
                , std::ostream& os = std::cout
                , bool needEndl = true
        )
    {
        typename Container<Key, Value, Hash, Pred, Alloc>::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_MAP_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }

    //! Prints collections like std:array<T, Size> as in Python
    //! \param collection which should be printed
    //! \param elem_separator the separator which will be inserted between elements of collection
    //! \param keyval_separator separator between key and value of map. For default it is the '=>'
    //! \param first_bracket data before collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker '(', '[', '{')
    //! \param last_bracket data after collection's elements (usual it is the parenthesis, square or curly bracker ')', ']', '}')
    ARRAY_TEMPLATE
    void print(   const Array<Type, Size>& collection
                , const std::string& elem_separator   = default_elem_separator
                , const std::string& first_bracket    = default_first_bracket
                , const std::string& last_bracket     = default_last_bracket
                , std::ostream& os = std::cout
                , bool needEndl = true
            )
    {
        typename Array<Type, Size>::const_iterator it = collection.begin();
        BUILD_CONTENT
        COMPILE_CONTENT
    }

    //! Removes all whitespaces before data in string.
    //! \param str string with data
    //! \return string without whitespaces in left part
    std::string ltrim(const std::string& str);

    //! Removes all whitespaces after data in string
    //! \param str string with data
    //! \return string without whitespaces in right part
    std::string rtrim(const std::string& str);

    //! Removes all whitespaces before and after data in string
    //! \param str string with data
    //! \return string without whitespaces before and after data in string
    std::string trim(const std::string& str);



    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    ////////////////////////ostream logic//////////////////////
    /// Should be specified for concrete containers
    /// because of another types can be suitable
    /// for templates, for example templates break
    /// the code like this "cout << string("hello") << endl;"
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////



#define PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)                            \
    print(  collection,                                                     \
            default_elem_separator,                                         \
            default_first_bracket,                                          \
            default_last_bracket,                                           \
            os,                                                             \
            false                                                           \
    );                                                                      \

#define PROCESS_KEY_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)                        \
    print(  collection,                                                     \
            default_elem_separator,                                         \
            default_keyval_separator,                                       \
            default_first_bracket,                                          \
            default_last_bracket,                                           \
            os,                                                             \
            false                                                           \
    );                                                                      \

    ///< specialization for vector
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for deque
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::deque<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for list
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::list<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for set
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::set<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for multiset
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::multiset<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

#ifdef MODERN_CPP_AVAILABLE
    ///< specialization for unordered_map
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::unordered_set<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for forward_list
    template<class T>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::forward_list<T>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for array
    template<class T, std::size_t N>
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const std::array<T, N>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }
#endif

    ///< specialization for map, multimap
    MAP_TEMPLATE
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Container<Key, Value>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_KEY_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }

    ///< specialization for unordered_map
    UMAP_TEMPLATE
    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Container<Key, Value, Hash, Pred, Alloc>& collection)
    {
        PROCESS_KEY_VALUE_COLLECTION(os, collection)
        return os;
    }
}

你可以使用std::experimental::make_ostream_joiner:

#include <algorithm>
#include <experimental/iterator>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <numeric>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> vi(12);
    std::iota(vi.begin(), vi.end(), -5);
    std::cout << "Int vector:\n";
    std::copy(std::begin(vi),
              std::end(vi),
              std::experimental::make_ostream_joiner(std::cout, ", "));

    std::cout <<"\nString vector:\n[";
    std::vector<std::string> vs { "some", "string", "vector" };
    std::copy(std::begin(vs),
              std::end(vs),
              std::experimental::make_ostream_joiner(std::cout, "] - ["));
    std::cout << "]\n";
}

Godbolt演示

从第一个BoostCon(现在叫CppCon)出来，我和另外两个人致力于一个库来实现这一点。主要的问题是需要扩展命名空间std。这对boost库来说是不可能的。

不幸的是，到代码的链接不再工作，但您可能会在讨论中发现一些有趣的花絮(至少那些没有讨论如何命名它!)

http://boost.2283326.n4.nabble.com/explore-Library-Proposal-Container-Streaming-td2619544.html

c++ 11

for (auto i = path.begin(); i != path.end(); ++i)
std::cout << *i << ' ';

for(int i=0; i<path.size(); ++i)
std::cout << path[i] << ' ';

问题可能在前面的循环中:

(x = 17; isalpha(firstsquare); x++)

这个循环将根本不运行(如果firstsquare是非字母)，或者将永远运行(如果它是字母)。原因是firstsquare不会随着x的增加而改变。

这些代码在现在的一些场合被证明是方便的，我觉得进入定制的费用是相当低的使用率。因此，我决定在MIT许可下发布它，并提供一个GitHub存储库，在那里可以下载头文件和一个小示例文件。

http://djmuw.github.io/prettycc

0. 前言和措辞

这个答案中的“装饰”是一组前缀字符串、分隔符字符串和后缀字符串。 其中，前缀字符串插入到流之前，后缀字符串插入到容器的值之后(参见2。目标容器)。 分隔符字符串被插入到各自容器的值之间。

注意:实际上，这个答案并没有将问题解决到100%，因为装饰并不是严格编译的时间常数，因为需要运行时检查来检查自定义装饰是否已应用到当前流。 不过，我认为它有一些不错的功能。

注2:可能有小错误，因为它还没有经过很好的测试。

1. 大意/使用

使用时不需要额外的代码

这是很容易做到的

#include <vector>
#include "pretty.h"

int main()
{
  std::cout << std::vector<int>{1,2,3,4,5}; // prints 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
  return 0;
}

易于定制…

．.． 对于特定的流对象

#include <vector>
#include "pretty.h"

int main()
{
  // set decoration for std::vector<int> for cout object
  std::cout << pretty::decoration<std::vector<int>>("(", ",", ")");
  std::cout << std::vector<int>{1,2,3,4,5}; // prints (1,2,3,4,5)
  return 0;
}

或者就所有流而言:

#include <vector>
#include "pretty.h"

// set decoration for std::vector<int> for all ostream objects
PRETTY_DEFAULT_DECORATION(std::vector<int>, "{", ", ", "}")

int main()
{
  std::cout << std::vector<int>{1,2,3,4,5}; // prints {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
  std::cout << pretty::decoration<std::vector<int>>("(", ",", ")");
  std::cout << std::vector<int>{1,2,3,4,5}; // prints (1,2,3,4,5)
  return 0;
}

粗略的描述

该代码包括一个类模板，为任何类型提供默认装饰 可以专门改变(a)某些类型的默认装饰，它是 使用ios_base提供的私有存储，使用xalloc/pword来保存指向pretty::decor对象的指针，特别是在某个流上装饰某个类型。

如果没有pretty::decor<T此流的>对象已显式设置pretty:: defaults <T, charT, chartraitT>::decoration()被调用以获取给定类型的默认装饰。 类pretty:: defaults专门用于定制默认装饰。

2. 目标对象/容器

这段代码的“pretty decoration”的目标对象obj是具有这两种属性的对象

重载std::begin和std::end定义(包括c风格数组)， 通过ADL提供begin(obj)和end(obj)， 类型为std::tuple 或std::pair类型。

该代码包含一个trait，用于标识具有范围特征(begin/end)的类。 (但是没有检查begin(obj) == end(obj)是否为有效表达式。)

代码在全局命名空间中提供操作符<<s，仅应用于没有更专用版本的操作符<<可用的类。 因此，例如std::string虽然具有有效的开始/结束对，但在这段代码中不会使用操作符打印。

3.利用和定制

装饰可以分别施加给每种类型(除了不同的元组)和流(不是流类型!) (例如，std::vector<int>可以对不同的流对象有不同的装饰。)

A)默认装饰

默认前缀是""(什么都没有)，默认后缀也是，而默认分隔符是"，"(逗号+空格)。

B)通过专门化漂亮的::defaults类模板定制一个类型的默认装饰

default结构体有一个静态成员函数decoration()，返回一个装潢对象，其中包含给定类型的默认值。

使用数组的示例:

自定义默认数组打印:

namespace pretty
{
  template<class T, std::size_t N>
  struct defaulted<T[N]>
  {
    static decor<T[N]> decoration()
    {
      return{ { "(" }, { ":" }, { ")" } };
    }
  };
}

打印一个数组:

float e[5] = { 3.4f, 4.3f, 5.2f, 1.1f, 22.2f };
std::cout << e << '\n'; // prints (3.4:4.3:5.2:1.1:22.2)

对字符流使用PRETTY_DEFAULT_DECORATION(TYPE, PREFIX, DELIM, POSTFIX，…)宏

宏展开为

namespace pretty { 
  template< __VA_ARGS__ >
  struct defaulted< TYPE > {
    static decor< TYPE > decoration() {
      return { PREFIX, DELIM, POSTFIX };
    } 
  }; 
} 

使上面的部分专门化可以重写为

PRETTY_DEFAULT_DECORATION(T[N], "", ";", "", class T, std::size_t N)

或者插入一个完整的专门化

PRETTY_DEFAULT_DECORATION(std::vector<int>, "(", ", ", ")")

wchar_t流的另一个宏包括:PRETTY_DEFAULT_WDECORATION。

C)对溪流进行装饰

函数pretty::decoration用于对某个流施加装饰。 两者都有超载 -一个字符串参数作为分隔符(采用默认类的前缀和后缀) -或三个字符串参数组合成完整的装饰

完整的装饰为给定类型和流

float e[3] = { 3.4f, 4.3f, 5.2f };
std::stringstream u;
// add { ; } decoration to u
u << pretty::decoration<float[3]>("{", "; ", "}");

// use { ; } decoration
u << e << '\n'; // prints {3.4; 4.3; 5.2}

// uses decoration returned by defaulted<float[3]>::decoration()
std::cout << e; // prints 3.4, 4.3, 5.2

自定义给定流的分隔符

PRETTY_DEFAULT_DECORATION(float[3], "{{{", ",", "}}}")

std::stringstream v;
v << e; // prints {{{3.4,4.3,5.2}}}

v << pretty::decoration<float[3]>(":");
v << e; // prints {{{3.4:4.3:5.2}}}

v << pretty::decoration<float[3]>("((", "=", "))");
v << e; // prints ((3.4=4.3=5.2))

4. 特殊处理std::tuple

这段代码没有允许对每一种可能的元组类型进行特化，而是将std::tuple<void*>可用的任何修饰应用到所有类型的std::tuple<…>s。

5. 从流中移除自定义装饰

要返回给定类型的默认装饰，请在流上使用pretty::clear函数模板。

s << pretty::clear<std::vector<int>>();

5. 进一步的例子

用换行分隔符打印“类似矩阵”

std::vector<std::vector<int>> m{ {1,2,3}, {4,5,6}, {7,8,9} };
std::cout << pretty::decoration<std::vector<std::vector<int>>>("\n");
std::cout << m;

打印

1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6
7, 8, 9

在ideone/KKUebZ上看到

6. 代码

#ifndef pretty_print_0x57547_sa4884X_0_1_h_guard_
#define pretty_print_0x57547_sa4884X_0_1_h_guard_

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>

#define PRETTY_DEFAULT_DECORATION(TYPE, PREFIX, DELIM, POSTFIX, ...) \
    namespace pretty { template< __VA_ARGS__ >\
    struct defaulted< TYPE > {\
    static decor< TYPE > decoration(){\
      return { PREFIX, DELIM, POSTFIX };\
    } /*decoration*/ }; /*defaulted*/} /*pretty*/

#define PRETTY_DEFAULT_WDECORATION(TYPE, PREFIX, DELIM, POSTFIX, ...) \
    namespace pretty { template< __VA_ARGS__ >\
    struct defaulted< TYPE, wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t> > {\
    static decor< TYPE, wchar_t, std::char_traits<wchar_t> > decoration(){\
      return { PREFIX, DELIM, POSTFIX };\
    } /*decoration*/ }; /*defaulted*/} /*pretty*/

namespace pretty
{

  namespace detail
  {
    // drag in begin and end overloads
    using std::begin;
    using std::end;
    // helper template
    template <int I> using _ol = std::integral_constant<int, I>*;
    // SFINAE check whether T is a range with begin/end
    template<class T>
    class is_range
    {
      // helper function declarations using expression sfinae
      template <class U, _ol<0> = nullptr>
      static std::false_type b(...);
      template <class U, _ol<1> = nullptr>
      static auto b(U &v) -> decltype(begin(v), std::true_type());
      template <class U, _ol<0> = nullptr>
      static std::false_type e(...);
      template <class U, _ol<1> = nullptr>
      static auto e(U &v) -> decltype(end(v), std::true_type());
      // return types
      using b_return = decltype(b<T>(std::declval<T&>()));
      using e_return = decltype(e<T>(std::declval<T&>()));
    public:
      static const bool value = b_return::value && e_return::value;
    };
  }

  // holder class for data
  template<class T, class CharT = char, class TraitT = std::char_traits<CharT>>
  struct decor
  {
    static const int xindex;
    std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> prefix, delimiter, postfix;
    decor(std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & pre = "",
      std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & delim = "",
      std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & post = "")
      : prefix(pre), delimiter(delim), postfix(post) {}
  };

  template<class T, class charT, class traits>
  int const decor<T, charT, traits>::xindex = std::ios_base::xalloc();

  namespace detail
  {

    template<class T, class CharT, class TraitT>
    void manage_decor(std::ios_base::event evt, std::ios_base &s, int const idx)
    {
      using deco_type = decor<T, CharT, TraitT>;
      if (evt == std::ios_base::erase_event)
      { // erase deco
        void const * const p = s.pword(idx);
        if (p)
        {
          delete static_cast<deco_type const * const>(p);
          s.pword(idx) = nullptr;
        }
      }
      else if (evt == std::ios_base::copyfmt_event)
      { // copy deco
        void const * const p = s.pword(idx);
        if (p)
        {
          auto np = new deco_type{ *static_cast<deco_type const * const>(p) };
          s.pword(idx) = static_cast<void*>(np);
        }
      }
    }

    template<class T> struct clearer {};

    template<class T, class CharT, class TraitT>
    std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT>& operator<< (
      std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s, clearer<T> const &)
    {
      using deco_type = decor<T, CharT, TraitT>;
      void const * const p = s.pword(deco_type::xindex);
      if (p)
      { // delete if set
        delete static_cast<deco_type const *>(p);
        s.pword(deco_type::xindex) = nullptr;
      }
      return s;
    }

    template <class CharT> 
    struct default_data { static const CharT * decor[3]; };
    template <> 
    const char * default_data<char>::decor[3] = { "", ", ", "" };
    template <> 
    const wchar_t * default_data<wchar_t>::decor[3] = { L"", L", ", L"" };

  }

  // Clear decoration for T
  template<class T>
  detail::clearer<T> clear() { return{}; }
  template<class T, class CharT, class TraitT>
  void clear(std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s) { s << detail::clearer<T>{}; }

  // impose decoration on ostream
  template<class T, class CharT, class TraitT>
  std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT>& operator<<(
    std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s, decor<T, CharT, TraitT> && h)
  {
    using deco_type = decor<T, CharT, TraitT>;
    void const * const p = s.pword(deco_type::xindex);
    // delete if already set
    if (p) delete static_cast<deco_type const *>(p);
    s.pword(deco_type::xindex) = static_cast<void *>(new deco_type{ std::move(h) });
    // check whether we alread have a callback registered
    if (s.iword(deco_type::xindex) == 0)
    { // if this is not the case register callback and set iword
      s.register_callback(detail::manage_decor<T, CharT, TraitT>, deco_type::xindex);
      s.iword(deco_type::xindex) = 1;
    }
    return s;
  }

  template<class T, class CharT = char, class TraitT = std::char_traits<CharT>>
  struct defaulted
  {
    static inline decor<T, CharT, TraitT> decoration()
    {
      return{ detail::default_data<CharT>::decor[0],
        detail::default_data<CharT>::decor[1],
        detail::default_data<CharT>::decor[2] };
    }
  };

  template<class T, class CharT = char, class TraitT = std::char_traits<CharT>>
  decor<T, CharT, TraitT> decoration(
    std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & prefix,
    std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & delimiter,
    std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & postfix)
  {
    return{ prefix, delimiter, postfix };
  }

  template<class T, class CharT = char,
  class TraitT = std::char_traits < CharT >>
    decor<T, CharT, TraitT> decoration(
      std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const & delimiter)
  {
    using str_type = std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT>;
    return{ defaulted<T, CharT, TraitT>::decoration().prefix,
      delimiter, defaulted<T, CharT, TraitT>::decoration().postfix };
  }

  template<class T, class CharT = char,
  class TraitT = std::char_traits < CharT >>
    decor<T, CharT, TraitT> decoration(CharT const * const prefix,
      CharT const * const delimiter, CharT const * const postfix)
  {
    using str_type = std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT>;
    return{ str_type{ prefix }, str_type{ delimiter }, str_type{ postfix } };
  }

  template<class T, class CharT = char,
  class TraitT = std::char_traits < CharT >>
    decor<T, CharT, TraitT> decoration(CharT const * const delimiter)
  {
    using str_type = std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT>;
    return{ defaulted<T, CharT, TraitT>::decoration().prefix,
      str_type{ delimiter }, defaulted<T, CharT, TraitT>::decoration().postfix };
  }

  template<typename T, std::size_t N, std::size_t L>
  struct tuple
  {
    template<class CharT, class TraitT>
    static void print(std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT>& s, T const & value,
      std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const &delimiter)
    {
      s << std::get<N>(value) << delimiter;
      tuple<T, N + 1, L>::print(s, value, delimiter);
    }
  };

  template<typename T, std::size_t N>
  struct tuple<T, N, N>
  {
    template<class CharT, class TraitT>
    static void print(std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT>& s, T const & value,
      std::basic_string<CharT, TraitT> const &) {
      s << std::get<N>(value);
    }
  };

}

template<class CharT, class TraitT>
std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> & operator<< (
  std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s, std::tuple<> const & v)
{
  using deco_type = pretty::decor<std::tuple<void*>, CharT, TraitT>;
  using defaulted_type = pretty::defaulted<std::tuple<void*>, CharT, TraitT>;
  void const * const p = s.pword(deco_type::xindex);
  auto const d = static_cast<deco_type const * const>(p);
  s << (d ? d->prefix : defaulted_type::decoration().prefix);
  s << (d ? d->postfix : defaulted_type::decoration().postfix);
  return s;
}

template<class CharT, class TraitT, class ... T>
std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> & operator<< (
  std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s, std::tuple<T...> const & v)
{
  using deco_type = pretty::decor<std::tuple<void*>, CharT, TraitT>;
  using defaulted_type = pretty::defaulted<std::tuple<void*>, CharT, TraitT>;
  using pretty_tuple = pretty::tuple<std::tuple<T...>, 0U, sizeof...(T)-1U>;
  void const * const p = s.pword(deco_type::xindex);
  auto const d = static_cast<deco_type const * const>(p);
  s << (d ? d->prefix : defaulted_type::decoration().prefix);
  pretty_tuple::print(s, v, d ? d->delimiter : 
    defaulted_type::decoration().delimiter);
  s << (d ? d->postfix : defaulted_type::decoration().postfix);
  return s;
}

template<class T, class U, class CharT, class TraitT>
std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> & operator<< (
  std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s, std::pair<T, U> const & v)
{
  using deco_type = pretty::decor<std::pair<T, U>, CharT, TraitT>;
  using defaulted_type = pretty::defaulted<std::pair<T, U>, CharT, TraitT>;
  void const * const p = s.pword(deco_type::xindex);
  auto const d = static_cast<deco_type const * const>(p);
  s << (d ? d->prefix : defaulted_type::decoration().prefix);
  s << v.first;
  s << (d ? d->delimiter : defaulted_type::decoration().delimiter);
  s << v.second;
  s << (d ? d->postfix : defaulted_type::decoration().postfix);
  return s;
}


template<class T, class CharT = char,
class TraitT = std::char_traits < CharT >>
  typename std::enable_if < pretty::detail::is_range<T>::value,
  std::basic_ostream < CharT, TraitT >> ::type & operator<< (
    std::basic_ostream<CharT, TraitT> &s, T const & v)
{
  bool first(true);
  using deco_type = pretty::decor<T, CharT, TraitT>;
  using default_type = pretty::defaulted<T, CharT, TraitT>;
  void const * const p = s.pword(deco_type::xindex);
  auto d = static_cast<pretty::decor<T, CharT, TraitT> const * const>(p);
  s << (d ? d->prefix : default_type::decoration().prefix);
  for (auto const & e : v)
  { // v is range thus range based for works
    if (!first) s << (d ? d->delimiter : default_type::decoration().delimiter);
    s << e;
    first = false;
  }
  s << (d ? d->postfix : default_type::decoration().postfix);
  return s;
}

#endif // pretty_print_0x57547_sa4884X_0_1_h_guard_