如何将std::vector的内容打印到屏幕上?
实现以下操作符<<的解决方案也很好:
template<container C, class T, String delim = ", ", String open = "[", String close = "]">
std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & o, const C<T> & x)
{
// ... What can I write here?
}
以下是目前为止我所做的，没有单独的函数:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream file("maze.txt");
if (file) {
vector<char> vec(istreambuf_iterator<char>(file), (istreambuf_iterator<char>()));
vector<char> path;
int x = 17;
char entrance = vec.at(16);
char firstsquare = vec.at(x);
if (entrance == 'S') {
path.push_back(entrance);
}
for (x = 17; isalpha(firstsquare); x++) {
path.push_back(firstsquare);
}
for (int i = 0; i < path.size(); i++) {
cout << path[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
}
这里是一个工作库，作为一个完整的工作程序，我刚刚把它组合在一起:
#include <set>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
// Default delimiters
template <class C> struct Delims { static const char *delim[3]; };
template <class C> const char *Delims<C>::delim[3]={"[", ", ", "]"};
// Special delimiters for sets.
template <typename T> struct Delims< std::set<T> > { static const char *delim[3]; };
template <typename T> const char *Delims< std::set<T> >::delim[3]={"{", ", ", "}"};
template <class C> struct IsContainer { enum { value = false }; };
template <typename T> struct IsContainer< std::vector<T> > { enum { value = true }; };
template <typename T> struct IsContainer< std::set<T> > { enum { value = true }; };
template <class C>
typename boost::enable_if<IsContainer<C>, std::ostream&>::type
operator<<(std::ostream & o, const C & x)
{
o << Delims<C>::delim[0];
for (typename C::const_iterator i = x.begin(); i != x.end(); ++i)
{
if (i != x.begin()) o << Delims<C>::delim[1];
o << *i;
}
o << Delims<C>::delim[2];
return o;
}
template <typename T> struct IsChar { enum { value = false }; };
template <> struct IsChar<char> { enum { value = true }; };
template <typename T, int N>
typename boost::disable_if<IsChar<T>, std::ostream&>::type
operator<<(std::ostream & o, const T (&x)[N])
{
o << "[";
for (int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
{
if (i) o << ",";
o << x[i];
}
o << "]";
return o;
}
int main()
{
std::vector<int> i;
i.push_back(23);
i.push_back(34);
std::set<std::string> j;
j.insert("hello");
j.insert("world");
double k[] = { 1.1, 2.2, M_PI, -1.0/123.0 };
std::cout << i << "\n" << j << "\n" << k << "\n";
}
它目前只适用于vector和set，但通过扩展IsContainer专门化，可以使其适用于大多数容器。我没有过多地考虑这些代码是否最少，但我不能立即想到任何可以去掉的冗余代码。
编辑:只是为了好玩，我包含了一个处理数组的版本。我不得不排除字符数组，以避免进一步的歧义;使用wchar_t[]仍然会遇到麻烦。
我写了一个操作符<<，它输出任何可迭代对象，包括自定义容器、标准容器和具有已知边界的数组。需要c++ 11:
template<typename Container, typename =
std::enable_if_t<std::is_same_v<std::void_t<
decltype(static_cast<typename Container::const_iterator (*)(const Container&)>(&std::cbegin)),
decltype(static_cast<typename Container::const_iterator (*)(const Container&)>(&std::cend))>, void>
&& !std::is_same_v<std::string, Container>>>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Container &vec)
{
std::cout << "[ ";
for(const auto& t: vec){
std::cout << t << " ";
}
std::cout << "] ";
return out;
}
我认为最好的方法是通过在程序中添加这个函数来重载操作符<<:
#include <vector>
using std::vector;
#include <iostream>
using std::ostream;
template<typename T>
ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, const vector<T>& v) {
out << "{";
size_t last = v.size() - 1;
for(size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); ++i) {
out << v[i];
if (i != last)
out << ", ";
}
out << "}";
return out;
}
然后你可以在任何可能的向量上使用<<运算符，假设它的元素也定义了ostream&运算符<<:
vector<string> s = {"first", "second", "third"};
vector<bool> b = {true, false, true, false, false};
vector<int> i = {1, 2, 3, 4};
cout << s << endl;
cout << b << endl;
cout << i << endl;
输出:
{first, second, third}
{1, 0, 1, 0, 0}
{1, 2, 3, 4}
