X ||= y表示

如果x有任何值，不要改变它的值，否则 将x设为y

除非x X = y 结束

除非x有值(不是nil或false)，否则将其设为y

等于

X ||= y

如果X没有值，它将被赋值为y，否则，它将保留它的原始值，在本例中为5:

irb(main):020:0> x = 5
=> 5
irb(main):021:0> y = 10
=> 10
irb(main):022:0> x ||= y
=> 5

# Now set x to nil. 

irb(main):025:0> x = nil
=> nil
irb(main):026:0> x ||= y
=> 10

这是默认的赋值表示法

例如:x ||= 1 这将检查x是否为nil。如果x确实为nil，那么它就会赋给它一个新值(在我们的例子中是1)

更明确的表示: 如果x == nil X = 1 结束

它的意思是或等于。它检查左边的值是否有定义，然后使用它。如果不是，使用右边的值。您可以在Rails中使用它来缓存模型中的实例变量。

一个基于rails的快速示例，我们创建了一个函数来获取当前登录的用户:

class User > ActiveRecord::Base

  def current_user
    @current_user ||= User.find_by_id(session[:user_id])
  end

end

它检查是否设置了@current_user实例变量。如果是，它将返回该值，从而节省数据库调用。但如果没有设置，则执行调用，然后将@current_user变量设置为该值。这是一种非常简单的缓存技术，但非常适合在应用程序中多次获取相同的实例变量。

准确地说，||= b意味着“如果a是未定义的或假的(false或nil)，将a设置为b并求值为(即返回)b，否则求值为a”。

其他人经常试图用||= b等价于|| a = b或a = a || b来说明这一点。这些等价有助于理解这个概念，但要注意，它们并非在所有条件下都是准确的。请允许我解释:

a ||= b ⇔ a || a = b? The behavior of these statements differs when a is an undefined local variable. In that case, a ||= b will set a to b (and evaluate to b), whereas a || a = b will raise NameError: undefined local variable or method 'a' for main:Object. a ||= b ⇔ a = a || b? The equivalency of these statements are often assumed, since a similar equivalence is true for other abbreviated assignment operators (i.e. +=,-=,*=,/=,%=,**=,&=,|=,^=,<<=, and >>=). However, for ||= the behavior of these statements may differ when a= is a method on an object and a is truthy. In that case, a ||= b will do nothing (other than evaluate to a), whereas a = a || b will call a=(a) on a's receiver. As others have pointed out, this can make a difference when calling a=a has side effects, such as adding keys to a hash. a ||= b ⇔ a = b unless a?? The behavior of these statements differs only in what they evaluate to when a is truthy. In that case, a = b unless a will evaluate to nil (though a will still not be set, as expected), whereas a ||= b will evaluate to a. a ||= b ⇔ defined?(a) ? (a || a = b) : (a = b)???? Still no. These statements can differ when a method_missing method exists which returns a truthy value for a. In this case, a ||= b will evaluate to whatever method_missing returns, and not attempt to set a, whereas defined?(a) ? (a || a = b) : (a = b) will set a to b and evaluate to b.

好的，好的，那么||= b等于什么?有办法在Ruby中表达这一点吗?

好吧，假设我没有忽略任何东西，我相信||= b在功能上等价于……(击鼓声)

begin
  a = nil if false
  a || a = b
end

坚持住!这不是第一个前面有noop的例子吗?嗯，不完全是。还记得我之前说的||= b只有当a是一个未定义的局部变量时，||= b才不等于|| a = b吗?如果为false，则a = nil确保a永远没有定义，即使这一行永远不会执行。Ruby中的局部变量是词法范围的。