我想通过JavaScript将SVG转换为位图图像(如JPEG, PNG等)。


当前回答

Jbeard4解决方案工作得很好。

我使用Raphael SketchPad创建SVG。链接到步骤1中的文件。

对于保存按钮(svg的id是"editor", canvas的id是"canvas"):

$("#editor_save").click(function() {

// the canvg call that takes the svg xml and converts it to a canvas
canvg('canvas', $("#editor").html());

// the canvas calls to output a png
var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var img = canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
// do what you want with the base64, write to screen, post to server, etc...
});

其他回答

我的用例是从网络加载svg数据,这个ES6类做了这项工作。

class SvgToPngConverter {
  constructor() {
    this._init = this._init.bind(this);
    this._cleanUp = this._cleanUp.bind(this);
    this.convertFromInput = this.convertFromInput.bind(this);
  }

  _init() {
    this.canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
    this.imgPreview = document.createElement("img");
    this.imgPreview.style = "position: absolute; top: -9999px";

    document.body.appendChild(this.imgPreview);
    this.canvasCtx = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
  }

  _cleanUp() {
    document.body.removeChild(this.imgPreview);
  }

  convertFromInput(input, callback) {
    this._init();
    let _this = this;
    this.imgPreview.onload = function() {
      const img = new Image();
      _this.canvas.width = _this.imgPreview.clientWidth;
      _this.canvas.height = _this.imgPreview.clientHeight;
      img.crossOrigin = "anonymous";
      img.src = _this.imgPreview.src;
      img.onload = function() {
        _this.canvasCtx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
        let imgData = _this.canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
        if(typeof callback == "function"){
            callback(imgData)
        }
        _this._cleanUp();
      };
    };

    this.imgPreview.src = input;
  }
}

下面是你如何使用它

let input = "https://restcountries.eu/data/afg.svg"
new SvgToPngConverter().convertFromInput(input, function(imgData){
    // You now have your png data in base64 (imgData). 
    // Do what ever you wish with it here.
});

如果你想要一个普通的JavaScript版本,你可以访问Babel网站并在那里编译代码。

下面是一个函数,它在没有库的情况下工作,并返回一个Promise:

/**
 * converts a base64 encoded data url SVG image to a PNG image
 * @param originalBase64 data url of svg image
 * @param width target width in pixel of PNG image
 * @return {Promise<String>} resolves to png data url of the image
 */
function base64SvgToBase64Png (originalBase64, width) {
    return new Promise(resolve => {
        let img = document.createElement('img');
        img.onload = function () {
            document.body.appendChild(img);
            let canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
            let ratio = (img.clientWidth / img.clientHeight) || 1;
            document.body.removeChild(img);
            canvas.width = width;
            canvas.height = width / ratio;
            let ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
            ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, canvas.width, canvas.height);
            try {
                let data = canvas.toDataURL('image/png');
                resolve(data);
            } catch (e) {
                resolve(null);
            }
        };
        img.onerror = function() {
            resolve(null);
        };
        img.src = originalBase64;
    });
}

在Firefox上,svg没有设置宽度/高度是有问题的。

请参阅此工作示例,其中包括Firefox问题的修复。

这是我的2美分。不知怎的,下载锚标签在代码片段中不像预期的那样工作,但在Chrome中工作得很好。

这里正在使用jsFiddle

const waitForImage = imgElem => new Promise(resolve => imgElem.complete ? resolve() : imgElem.onload = imgElem.onerror = resolve); const svgToImgDownload = ext => { if (!['png', 'jpg', 'webp'].includes(ext)) return; const _svg = document.querySelector("#svg_container").querySelector('svg'); const xmlSerializer = new XMLSerializer(); let _svgStr = xmlSerializer.serializeToString(_svg); const img = document.createElement('img'); img.src = 'data:image/svg+xml;base64,' + window.btoa(_svgStr); waitForImage(img) .then(_ => { const canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); canvas.width = _svg.clientWidth; canvas.height = _svg.clientHeight; canvas.getContext('2d').drawImage(img, 0, 0, _svg.clientWidth, _svg.clientHeight); return canvas.toDataURL('image/' + (ext == 'jpg' ? 'jpeg' : ext), 1.0); }) .then(dataURL => { console.log(dataURL); document.querySelector("#img_download_btn").innerHTML = `<a href="${dataURL}" download="img.${ext}">Download</a>`; }) .catch(console.error); }; document.querySelector('#map2Png').addEventListener('click', _ => svgToImgDownload('png')); document.querySelector('#map2Jpg').addEventListener('click', _ => svgToImgDownload('jpg')); document.querySelector('#map2Webp').addEventListener('click', _ => svgToImgDownload('webp')); <div id="svg_container" style="float: left; width: 50%"> <svg width="200" height="200" viewBox="-100 -100 200 200"> <circle cx="0" cy="20" r="70" fill="#D1495B" /> <circle cx="0" cy="-75" r="12" fill="none" stroke="#F79257" stroke-width="2" /> <rect x="-17.5" y="-65" width="35" height="20" fill="#F79257" /> </svg> </div> <div> <button id="map2Png">PNG</button> <button id="map2Jpg">JPG</button> <button id="map2Webp">WEBP</button> </div> <div id="img_download_btn"></div>

我最近发现了几个用于JavaScript的图像跟踪库,它们确实能够构建一个可接受的位图近似值,包括大小和质量。我正在开发这个JavaScript库和CLI:

https://www.npmjs.com/package/svg-png-converter

它为所有这些提供了统一的API,支持浏览器和节点,不依赖于DOM,以及命令行工具。

对于转换标志/卡通/喜欢的图像,它做得很好。对于照片/现实主义,需要一些调整,因为输出大小可以增长很多。

它有一个游乐场,虽然现在我正在做一个更好的,更容易使用,因为添加了更多的功能:

https://cancerberosgx.github.io/demos/svg-png-converter/playground/#

这似乎在大多数浏览器中都有效:

function copyStylesInline(destinationNode, sourceNode) {
   var containerElements = ["svg","g"];
   for (var cd = 0; cd < destinationNode.childNodes.length; cd++) {
       var child = destinationNode.childNodes[cd];
       if (containerElements.indexOf(child.tagName) != -1) {
            copyStylesInline(child, sourceNode.childNodes[cd]);
            continue;
       }
       var style = sourceNode.childNodes[cd].currentStyle || window.getComputedStyle(sourceNode.childNodes[cd]);
       if (style == "undefined" || style == null) continue;
       for (var st = 0; st < style.length; st++){
            child.style.setProperty(style[st], style.getPropertyValue(style[st]));
       }
   }
}

function triggerDownload (imgURI, fileName) {
  var evt = new MouseEvent("click", {
    view: window,
    bubbles: false,
    cancelable: true
  });
  var a = document.createElement("a");
  a.setAttribute("download", fileName);
  a.setAttribute("href", imgURI);
  a.setAttribute("target", '_blank');
  a.dispatchEvent(evt);
}

function downloadSvg(svg, fileName) {
  var copy = svg.cloneNode(true);
  copyStylesInline(copy, svg);
  var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
  var bbox = svg.getBBox();
  canvas.width = bbox.width;
  canvas.height = bbox.height;
  var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
  ctx.clearRect(0, 0, bbox.width, bbox.height);
  var data = (new XMLSerializer()).serializeToString(copy);
  var DOMURL = window.URL || window.webkitURL || window;
  var img = new Image();
  var svgBlob = new Blob([data], {type: "image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8"});
  var url = DOMURL.createObjectURL(svgBlob);
  img.onload = function () {
    ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
    DOMURL.revokeObjectURL(url);
    if (typeof navigator !== "undefined" && navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob)
    {
        var blob = canvas.msToBlob();         
        navigator.msSaveOrOpenBlob(blob, fileName);
    } 
    else {
        var imgURI = canvas
            .toDataURL("image/png")
            .replace("image/png", "image/octet-stream");
        triggerDownload(imgURI, fileName);
    }
    document.removeChild(canvas);
  };
  img.src = url;
}