完成

Finalizers should always be protected, not public or private so that the method cannot be called from the application's code directly and at the same time, it can make a call to the base.Finalize method Finalizers should release unmanaged resources only. The framework does not guarantee that a finalizer will execute at all on any given instance. Never allocate memory in finalizers or call virtual methods from finalizers. Avoid synchronization and raising unhandled exceptions in the finalizers. The execution order of finalizers is non-deterministic—in other words, you can't rely on another object still being available within your finalizer. Do not define finalizers on value types. Don't create empty destructors. In other words, you should never explicitly define a destructor unless your class needs to clean up unmanaged resources and if you do define one, it should do some work. If, later, you no longer need to clean up unmanaged resources in the destructor, remove it altogether.

拥有

Implement IDisposable on every type that has a finalizer Ensure that an object is made unusable after making a call to the Dispose method. In other words, avoid using an object after the Dispose method has been called on it. Call Dispose on all IDisposable types once you are done with them Allow Dispose to be called multiple times without raising errors. Suppress later calls to the finalizer from within the Dispose method using the GC.SuppressFinalize method Avoid creating disposable value types Avoid throwing exceptions from within Dispose methods

处理/确定模式

Microsoft recommends that you implement both Dispose and Finalize when working with unmanaged resources. The Finalize implementation would run and the resources would still be released when the object is garbage collected even if a developer neglected to call the Dispose method explicitly. Cleanup the unmanaged resources in the Finalize method as well as Dispose method. Additionally call the Dispose method for any .NET objects that you have as components inside that class(having unmanaged resources as their member) from the Dispose method.

我今天一直在寻找这个问题的答案。我将在这里分享我的经验。我的答案是基于这个联系，因为它有我所见过的最清楚的解释。

当您的对象访问非托管资源时，您必须手动释放这些资源。这可以通过IDisposable或finalizer来完成，这意味着它们都会释放非托管资源。

经验法则: 实现IDisposable以释放非托管资源，调用方代码必须调用Dispose方法。如果调用者忘记调用Dispose()方法，您仍然可以提供一个方法来释放那些非托管资源。第一个选择是使用安全句柄来包装非托管资源。第二个选项是定义终结器。在这种情况下，建议使用安全手柄。

我认为这种联系是对这个问题最明确的答案。我不知道为什么人们在网上对这个问题给出复杂的解释。这让我很困惑，直到我找到了那个联系。

Finalize在该对象不再使用时由GC调用。

Dispose只是一个普通的方法，该类的用户可以调用它来释放任何资源。

如果用户忘记调用Dispose，如果类实现了Finalize，那么GC将确保它被调用。

Class instances often encapsulate control over resources that are not managed by the runtime, such as window handles (HWND), database connections, and so on. Therefore, you should provide both an explicit and an implicit way to free those resources. Provide implicit control by implementing the protected Finalize Method on an object (destructor syntax in C# and the Managed Extensions for C++). The garbage collector calls this method at some point after there are no longer any valid references to the object. In some cases, you might want to provide programmers using an object with the ability to explicitly release these external resources before the garbage collector frees the object. If an external resource is scarce or expensive, better performance can be achieved if the programmer explicitly releases resources when they are no longer being used. To provide explicit control, implement the Dispose method provided by the IDisposable Interface. The consumer of the object should call this method when it is done using the object. Dispose can be called even if other references to the object are alive.

注意，即使通过Dispose方法提供显式控制，也应该使用Finalize方法提供隐式清理。Finalize提供了一个备份，以防止程序员在调用Dispose失败时永久地泄漏资源。

正如我们所知，dispose和finalize都用于释放非托管资源。 但不同的是finalize使用两个周期来释放资源，而dispose使用一个周期。

finalizer方法在对象被垃圾收集时被调用，并且您无法保证何时会发生这种情况(您可以强制执行，但这会影响性能)。

另一方面，Dispose方法应该由创建类的代码调用，以便在代码处理完对象后立即清理和释放已获得的任何资源(非托管数据、数据库连接、文件句柄等)。

标准实践是实现IDisposable和Dispose，这样就可以在using语句中使用对象。例如使用(var foo = new MyObject()){}。在终结器中，你调用Dispose，以防调用代码忘记释放你。