C的设计者们已经做出了取舍。也就是说，他们决定把速度放在安全之上。C不会

检查数组下标边界 检查未初始化的变量值 检查内存泄漏 检查空指针解引用

当你索引到一个数组时，在Java中，它接受虚拟机中的一些方法调用，绑定检查和其他健全检查。这是有效的，绝对没问题，因为它在应有的地方增加了安全性。但是在C语言中，即使是非常微不足道的东西也不会被放在安全的地方。例如，C不要求memcpy检查要复制的区域是否重叠。它并不是一种用于编写大型商业应用程序的语言。

但是这些设计决策并不是C语言中的bug。它们是被设计出来的，因为它允许编译器和库编写者从计算机中获得每一点性能。下面是C语言的精神——C语言的基本原理文档是这样解释的:

C code can be non-portable. Although it strove to give programmers the opportunity to write truly portable programs, the Committee did not want to force programmers into writing portably, to preclude the use of C as a ``high-level assembler'': the ability to write machine-specific code is one of the strengths of C. Keep the spirit of C. The Committee kept as a major goal to preserve the traditional spirit of C. There are many facets of the spirit of C, but the essence is a community sentiment of the underlying principles upon which the C language is based. Some of the facets of the spirit of C can be summarized in phrases like Trust the programmer. Don't prevent the programmer from doing what needs to be done. Keep the language small and simple. Provide only one way to do an operation. Make it fast, even if it is not guaranteed to be portable. The last proverb needs a little explanation. The potential for efficient code generation is one of the most important strengths of C. To help ensure that no code explosion occurs for what appears to be a very simple operation, many operations are defined to be how the target machine's hardware does it rather than by a general abstract rule. An example of this willingness to live with what the machine does can be seen in the rules that govern the widening of char objects for use in expressions: whether the values of char objects widen to signed or unsigned quantities typically depends on which byte operation is more efficient on the target machine.

1)正如其他人所说，C为你做的更少。没有初始化变量，没有数组边界检查，没有内存管理等。其他语言中的这些特性会消耗C语言不需要的内存和CPU周期。

2) Answers saying that C is less abstracted and therefore faster are only half correct I think. Technically speaking, if you had a "sufficiently advanced compiler" for language X, then language X could approach or equal the speed of C. The difference with C is that since it maps so obviously (if you've taken an architecture course) and directly to assembly language that even a naive compiler can do a decent job. For something like Python, you need a very advanced compiler to predict the probable types of objects and generate machine code on the fly -- C's semantics are simple enough that a simple compiler can do well.

这不是语言的问题，而是工具和库的问题。C语言可用的库和编译器比新语言要老得多。你可能认为这会让它们变慢，但事实恰恰相反。

这些库是在处理能力和内存非常重要的时候编写的。它们必须写得非常高效，才能发挥作用。C编译器的开发人员也花了很长时间为不同的处理器进行各种巧妙的优化。C语言的成熟和广泛采用使得它比同时期的其他语言具有显著的优势。它还使C语言在速度上比那些不像C语言那样强调原始性能的新工具更有优势。

C的设计者们已经做出了取舍。也就是说，他们决定把速度放在安全之上。C不会

检查数组下标边界 检查未初始化的变量值 检查内存泄漏 检查空指针解引用

当你索引到一个数组时，在Java中，它接受虚拟机中的一些方法调用，绑定检查和其他健全检查。这是有效的，绝对没问题，因为它在应有的地方增加了安全性。但是在C语言中，即使是非常微不足道的东西也不会被放在安全的地方。例如，C不要求memcpy检查要复制的区域是否重叠。它并不是一种用于编写大型商业应用程序的语言。

但是这些设计决策并不是C语言中的bug。它们是被设计出来的，因为它允许编译器和库编写者从计算机中获得每一点性能。下面是C语言的精神——C语言的基本原理文档是这样解释的:

C code can be non-portable. Although it strove to give programmers the opportunity to write truly portable programs, the Committee did not want to force programmers into writing portably, to preclude the use of C as a ``high-level assembler'': the ability to write machine-specific code is one of the strengths of C. Keep the spirit of C. The Committee kept as a major goal to preserve the traditional spirit of C. There are many facets of the spirit of C, but the essence is a community sentiment of the underlying principles upon which the C language is based. Some of the facets of the spirit of C can be summarized in phrases like Trust the programmer. Don't prevent the programmer from doing what needs to be done. Keep the language small and simple. Provide only one way to do an operation. Make it fast, even if it is not guaranteed to be portable. The last proverb needs a little explanation. The potential for efficient code generation is one of the most important strengths of C. To help ensure that no code explosion occurs for what appears to be a very simple operation, many operations are defined to be how the target machine's hardware does it rather than by a general abstract rule. An example of this willingness to live with what the machine does can be seen in the rules that govern the widening of char objects for use in expressions: whether the values of char objects widen to signed or unsigned quantities typically depends on which byte operation is more efficient on the target machine.

The fastest running code would be carefully hand crafted machine code. Assembler will be almost as good. Both are very low level and it takes a lot of writing code to do things. C is a little above assembler. You still have the ability to control things at a very low level in the actual machine, but there is enough abstraction make writing it faster and easier then assembler. Other languages such as C# and JAVA are even more abstract. While Assembler and machine code are called low level languages, C# and JAVA (and many others) are called high level languages. C is sometimes called a middle level language.

只需在您的IDE中逐步检查机器代码，您就会看到为什么它更快(如果它更快的话)。它省去了很多手把手的环节。很有可能你的Cxx也会被告知不要使用，在这种情况下，它应该是相同的。

编译器优化被高估了，就像几乎所有关于语言速度的看法一样。

优化生成的代码只会对热点代码产生影响，也就是说，没有函数调用(显式或隐式)的紧凑算法。在其他地方，收效甚微。