读了答案后，我发现没有真正的测试能真正抓住重点。以下是我的观点:

public class ConstTest
{

    private final int         value             = 10;
    private static final int  valueStatic       = 20;
    private final File        valueObject       = new File("");
    private static final File valueObjectStatic = new File("");

    public void printAddresses() {


        System.out.println("final int address " +
                ObjectUtils.identityToString(value));
        System.out.println("final static int address " +
                ObjectUtils.identityToString(valueStatic));
        System.out.println("final file address " + 
                ObjectUtils.identityToString(valueObject));
        System.out.println("final static file address " + 
                ObjectUtils.identityToString(valueObjectStatic));
    }


    public static void main(final String args[]) {


        final ConstTest firstObj = new ConstTest();
        final ConstTest sndObj = new ConstTest();

        firstObj.printAdresses();
        sndObj.printAdresses();
    }

}

第一个对象的结果:

final int address java.lang.Integer@6d9efb05
final static int address java.lang.Integer@60723d7c
final file address java.io.File@6c22c95b
final static file address java.io.File@5fd1acd3

第二个对象的结果:

final int address java.lang.Integer@6d9efb05
final static int address java.lang.Integer@60723d7c
final file address java.io.File@3ea981ca
final static file address java.io.File@5fd1acd3

结论:

正如我认为java使原始类型和其他类型之间的区别。Java中的基本类型总是“缓存”的，对于字符串字面量也是如此(不是新的String对象)，所以静态和非静态成员没有区别。

然而，如果非静态成员不是基元类型的实例，则存在内存复制。

将valueStatic的值更改为10甚至可以更进一步，因为Java将为两个int变量提供相同的地址。

"Static" keyword makes the variable property of the class rather than individual instances of the class. There will be one copy of that variable that is shared amongst all the instances of that class. Any change in the state of the static variable will be reflected across all the instances. Add final to static and we get a variable that has been initialised once and for all at the class loading time and cannot be changed later by any instance of the class. Static final variables need to be initialised at the declaration time else we have compile time error. As far as private instance field is concerned, it refers to the property /state of an object /instance of a class. Each instance /object of the class will have its own copy of instance variable. When instance variable is declared final, it means we cannot change its value for this instance. For this we need to initialise the final variable either at declaration or in the constructor.If its not done in either of them, compile time error will show. Once initialised, if you try to reassign a value you will get a compile time error. Use static final variables where the data will be shared across all the instances of the class and you want the data to be read only.Use instance final variable if you want to represent some data that belongs to a each individual instance of the class but once stored cannot be changed. Usage of static and instance key word depends upon your design needs and what that data represents in the domain. If the data is used across the class instances then there is no need for individual copies/memory references for each object.

这是另一个简单的例子来理解静态，静态final, final变量的用法。代码注释有适当的解释。

public class City {

    // base price that is always same for all objects[For all cities].
    private static double iphone_base_price = 10000;

    // this is total price = iphone_base_price+iphone_diff;
    private double iphone_citi_price;

    // extra price added to iphone_base_price. It is constant per city. Every
    // city has its own difference defined,
    private final double iphone_diff;

    private String cityName = "";

    // static final will be accessible everywhere within the class but cant be
    // changed once initialized.
    private static final String countryName = "India";

    public City(String cityName, double iphone_diff) {
        super();
        this.iphone_diff = iphone_diff;
        iphone_citi_price = iphone_base_price + iphone_diff;
        this.cityName = cityName;

    }

    /**
     * get phone price
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private double getPrice() {

        return iphone_citi_price;
    }

    /**
     * Get city name
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private String getCityName() {

        return cityName;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 300 is the
        City newyork = new City("Newyork", 300);
        System.out.println(newyork.getPrice() + "  " + newyork.getCityName());

        City california = new City("California", 800);
        System.out.println(california.getPrice() + "  " + california.getCityName());

        // We cant write below statement as a final variable can not be
        // reassigned
        // california.iphone_diff=1000; //************************

        // base price is defined for a class and not per instances.
        // For any number of object creation, static variable's value would be the same
        // for all instances until and unless changed.
        // Also it is accessible anywhere inside a class.
        iphone_base_price = 9000;

        City delhi = new City("delhi", 400);
        System.out.println(delhi.getPrice() + "  " + delhi.getCityName());

        City moscow = new City("delhi", 500);
        System.out.println(moscow.getPrice() + "  " + moscow.getCityName());

        // Here countryName is accessible as it is static but we can not change it as it is final as well. 
        //Something are meant to be accessible with no permission to modify it. 
        //Try un-commenting below statements
        System.out.println(countryName);

        // countryName="INDIA";
        // System.out.println(countryName);

    }

}

非常少，而且是静态的

因为它们都是常数，所以区别不大。对于大多数类数据对象，静态意味着与类本身相关联的东西，无论用new创建了多少个对象，都只有一个副本。

因为它是一个常量，所以它实际上可能不会存储在类中或实例中，但是编译器仍然不会让你从静态方法访问实例对象，即使它知道它们会是什么。如果您不使反射API成为静态的，那么它的存在也可能需要一些无意义的工作。

通常，静态意味着“与类型本身相关联，而不是与类型的实例相关联”。

这意味着您可以在不创建类型实例的情况下引用静态变量，并且引用该变量的任何代码都引用完全相同的数据。将其与实例变量进行比较:在这种情况下，类的每个实例都有一个独立的变量版本。例如:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
x.instanceVariable = 10;
y.instanceVariable = 20;
System.out.println(x.instanceVariable);

y. instancvariable和x. instancvariable是分开的，因为x和y指向不同的对象。

您可以通过引用引用静态成员，尽管这样做不是一个好主意。如果我们这样做:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
x.staticVariable = 10;
y.staticVariable = 20;
System.out.println(x.staticVariable);

然后输出20个变量——只有一个变量，而不是每个实例一个变量。这样写会更清楚:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
Test.staticVariable = 10;
Test.staticVariable = 20;
System.out.println(Test.staticVariable);

这使得这种行为更加明显。现代ide通常建议将第二个清单改为第三个清单。

没有理由像下面这样使用内联声明初始化值，因为每个实例都有自己的NUMBER，但总是具有相同的值(不可变并使用文字初始化)。这与所有实例只有一个最终静态变量是一样的。

private final int NUMBER = 10;

因此，如果它不能更改，就没有必要为每个实例提供一个副本。

但是，如果在这样的构造函数中初始化是有意义的:

// No initialization when is declared
private final int number;

public MyClass(int n) {
   // The variable can be assigned in the constructor, but then
   // not modified later.
   number = n;
}

现在，对于MyClass的每个实例，我们可以有一个不同但不可变的number值。

静态变量属于类(这意味着所有对象共享该变量)。非静态变量属于每个对象。

public class ExperimentFinal {

private final int a;
private static final int b = 999; 

public ExperimentFinal(int a) {
    super();
    this.a = a;
}
public int getA() {
    return a;
}
public int getB() {
    return b;
}
public void print(int a, int b) {
    System.out.println("final int: " + a + " \nstatic final int: " + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
    ExperimentFinal test = new ExperimentFinal(9);
    test.print(test.getA(), test.getB());
} }

正如你可以看到上面的例子，对于“final int”，我们可以为类的每个实例(对象)分配变量，然而对于“static final int”，我们应该在类中分配一个变量(静态变量属于类)。