在Java中,有什么区别:
private final static int NUMBER = 10;
and
private final int NUMBER = 10;
两者都是私有的和final的,不同的是静态属性。
更好的是什么?,为什么?
在Java中,有什么区别:
private final static int NUMBER = 10;
and
private final int NUMBER = 10;
两者都是私有的和final的,不同的是静态属性。
更好的是什么?,为什么?
当前回答
正如Jon已经说过的,静态变量,也称为类变量,是跨类实例存在的变量。
我在这里找到了一个例子:
public class StaticVariable
{
static int noOfInstances;
StaticVariable()
{
noOfInstances++;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StaticVariable sv1 = new StaticVariable();
System.out.println("No. of instances for sv1 : " + sv1.noOfInstances);
StaticVariable sv2 = new StaticVariable();
System.out.println("No. of instances for sv1 : " + sv1.noOfInstances);
System.out.println("No. of instances for st2 : " + sv2.noOfInstances);
StaticVariable sv3 = new StaticVariable();
System.out.println("No. of instances for sv1 : " + sv1.noOfInstances);
System.out.println("No. of instances for sv2 : " + sv2.noOfInstances);
System.out.println("No. of instances for sv3 : " + sv3.noOfInstances);
}
}
程序输出如下:
正如我们在这个例子中看到的,每个对象都有自己的类变量副本。
C:\java>java StaticVariable
No. of instances for sv1 : 1
No. of instances for sv1 : 2
No. of instances for st2 : 2
No. of instances for sv1 : 3
No. of instances for sv2 : 3
No. of instances for sv3 : 3
其他回答
假设类永远不会有多个实例,那么哪个实例占用更多内存:
私有静态最终int ID = 250; 或 private final int ID = 250;
我已经理解,静态将引用类类型,在内存中只有一个副本,而非静态将在每个实例变量的新内存位置。但是在内部,如果我们只是比较同一个类的1个实例(即不会创建多个实例),那么在1个静态final变量所使用的空间方面是否有任何开销?
从我所做的测试来看,静态最终变量与最终(非静态)变量是不一样的!最终(非静态)变量可以因对象而异!!但前提是在构造函数内部进行初始化!(如果它没有从构造函数初始化,那么它只是浪费内存,因为它为每个创建的不能更改的对象创建最终变量。)
例如:
class A
{
final int f;
static final int sf = 5;
A(int num)
{
this.f = num;
}
void show()
{
System.out.printf("About Object: %s\n Final: %d\n Static Final: %d\n\n", this.toString(), this.f, sf);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
A ob1 = new A(14);
ob1.show();
A ob2 = new A(21);
ob2.show();
}
}
屏幕上显示的是:
关于对象:A@addbf1 最后:14 静态决赛:5分
关于对象:A@530daa 最后:21 静态决赛:5分
匿名的一年级IT学生,希腊
静态变量属于类(这意味着所有对象共享该变量)。非静态变量属于每个对象。
public class ExperimentFinal {
private final int a;
private static final int b = 999;
public ExperimentFinal(int a) {
super();
this.a = a;
}
public int getA() {
return a;
}
public int getB() {
return b;
}
public void print(int a, int b) {
System.out.println("final int: " + a + " \nstatic final int: " + b);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExperimentFinal test = new ExperimentFinal(9);
test.print(test.getA(), test.getB());
} }
正如你可以看到上面的例子,对于“final int”,我们可以为类的每个实例(对象)分配变量,然而对于“static final int”,我们应该在类中分配一个变量(静态变量属于类)。
虽然其他答案似乎很清楚地表明,通常没有理由使用非静态常数,但我找不到任何人指出,可以在常量变量上使用不同值的各种实例。
考虑下面的例子:
public class TestClass {
private final static double NUMBER = Math.random();
public TestClass () {
System.out.println(NUMBER);
}
}
创建三个TestClass实例将打印三次相同的随机值,因为只生成一个值并将其存储到静态常量中。
但是,当尝试下面的例子时:
public class TestClass {
private final double NUMBER = Math.random();
public TestClass () {
System.out.println(NUMBER);
}
}
创建三个TestClass实例现在将打印三个不同的随机值,因为每个实例都有自己随机生成的常量值。
我想不出在任何情况下,在不同的实例上有不同的常量值是真正有用的,但我希望这有助于指出静态韵母和非静态韵母之间有明显的区别。
这是另一个简单的例子来理解静态,静态final, final变量的用法。代码注释有适当的解释。
public class City {
// base price that is always same for all objects[For all cities].
private static double iphone_base_price = 10000;
// this is total price = iphone_base_price+iphone_diff;
private double iphone_citi_price;
// extra price added to iphone_base_price. It is constant per city. Every
// city has its own difference defined,
private final double iphone_diff;
private String cityName = "";
// static final will be accessible everywhere within the class but cant be
// changed once initialized.
private static final String countryName = "India";
public City(String cityName, double iphone_diff) {
super();
this.iphone_diff = iphone_diff;
iphone_citi_price = iphone_base_price + iphone_diff;
this.cityName = cityName;
}
/**
* get phone price
*
* @return
*/
private double getPrice() {
return iphone_citi_price;
}
/**
* Get city name
*
* @return
*/
private String getCityName() {
return cityName;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 300 is the
City newyork = new City("Newyork", 300);
System.out.println(newyork.getPrice() + " " + newyork.getCityName());
City california = new City("California", 800);
System.out.println(california.getPrice() + " " + california.getCityName());
// We cant write below statement as a final variable can not be
// reassigned
// california.iphone_diff=1000; //************************
// base price is defined for a class and not per instances.
// For any number of object creation, static variable's value would be the same
// for all instances until and unless changed.
// Also it is accessible anywhere inside a class.
iphone_base_price = 9000;
City delhi = new City("delhi", 400);
System.out.println(delhi.getPrice() + " " + delhi.getCityName());
City moscow = new City("delhi", 500);
System.out.println(moscow.getPrice() + " " + moscow.getCityName());
// Here countryName is accessible as it is static but we can not change it as it is final as well.
//Something are meant to be accessible with no permission to modify it.
//Try un-commenting below statements
System.out.println(countryName);
// countryName="INDIA";
// System.out.println(countryName);
}
}