以下是我的观点:

final           String CENT_1 = new Random().nextInt(2) == 0 ? "HEADS" : "TAILS";
final   static  String CENT_2 = new Random().nextInt(2) == 0 ? "HEADS" : "TAILS";

例子:

package test;

public class Test {

    final long OBJECT_ID = new Random().nextLong();
    final static long CLASSS_ID = new Random().nextLong();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test[] test = new Test[5];
        for (int i = 0; i < test.length; i++){
            test[i] = new Test();
            System.out.println("Class id: "+test[i].CLASSS_ID);//<- Always the same value
            System.out.println("Object id: "+test[i].OBJECT_ID);//<- Always different
        }
    }
}

关键是变量和函数可以返回不同的值。因此，最终变量可以被赋予不同的值。

静态变量在应用程序的整个生命周期中都保留在内存中，并在类加载期间初始化。每次构造一个新对象时，都会初始化一个非静态变量。通常更好的方法是:

private static final int NUMBER = 10;

为什么?这减少了每个实例的内存占用。它可能也有利于缓存命中。这是有意义的:静态应该用于在特定类型(类)的所有实例(也就是对象)之间共享的东西。

"Static" keyword makes the variable property of the class rather than individual instances of the class. There will be one copy of that variable that is shared amongst all the instances of that class. Any change in the state of the static variable will be reflected across all the instances. Add final to static and we get a variable that has been initialised once and for all at the class loading time and cannot be changed later by any instance of the class. Static final variables need to be initialised at the declaration time else we have compile time error. As far as private instance field is concerned, it refers to the property /state of an object /instance of a class. Each instance /object of the class will have its own copy of instance variable. When instance variable is declared final, it means we cannot change its value for this instance. For this we need to initialise the final variable either at declaration or in the constructor.If its not done in either of them, compile time error will show. Once initialised, if you try to reassign a value you will get a compile time error. Use static final variables where the data will be shared across all the instances of the class and you want the data to be read only.Use instance final variable if you want to represent some data that belongs to a each individual instance of the class but once stored cannot be changed. Usage of static and instance key word depends upon your design needs and what that data represents in the domain. If the data is used across the class instances then there is no need for individual copies/memory references for each object.

通常，静态意味着“与类型本身相关联，而不是与类型的实例相关联”。

这意味着您可以在不创建类型实例的情况下引用静态变量，并且引用该变量的任何代码都引用完全相同的数据。将其与实例变量进行比较:在这种情况下，类的每个实例都有一个独立的变量版本。例如:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
x.instanceVariable = 10;
y.instanceVariable = 20;
System.out.println(x.instanceVariable);

y. instancvariable和x. instancvariable是分开的，因为x和y指向不同的对象。

您可以通过引用引用静态成员，尽管这样做不是一个好主意。如果我们这样做:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
x.staticVariable = 10;
y.staticVariable = 20;
System.out.println(x.staticVariable);

然后输出20个变量——只有一个变量，而不是每个实例一个变量。这样写会更清楚:

Test x = new Test();
Test y = new Test();
Test.staticVariable = 10;
Test.staticVariable = 20;
System.out.println(Test.staticVariable);

这使得这种行为更加明显。现代ide通常建议将第二个清单改为第三个清单。

没有理由像下面这样使用内联声明初始化值，因为每个实例都有自己的NUMBER，但总是具有相同的值(不可变并使用文字初始化)。这与所有实例只有一个最终静态变量是一样的。

private final int NUMBER = 10;

因此，如果它不能更改，就没有必要为每个实例提供一个副本。

但是，如果在这样的构造函数中初始化是有意义的:

// No initialization when is declared
private final int number;

public MyClass(int n) {
   // The variable can be assigned in the constructor, but then
   // not modified later.
   number = n;
}

现在，对于MyClass的每个实例，我们可以有一个不同但不可变的number值。

由于类中的变量在同一个命令中声明为final和初始化， 绝对没有理由不将其声明为静态，因为无论实例如何，它都具有相同的值。因此，所有实例都可以为一个值共享相同的内存地址，这样就不需要为每个实例创建一个新变量，并通过共享一个公共地址来节省内存，从而节省了处理时间。

这是另一个简单的例子来理解静态，静态final, final变量的用法。代码注释有适当的解释。

public class City {

    // base price that is always same for all objects[For all cities].
    private static double iphone_base_price = 10000;

    // this is total price = iphone_base_price+iphone_diff;
    private double iphone_citi_price;

    // extra price added to iphone_base_price. It is constant per city. Every
    // city has its own difference defined,
    private final double iphone_diff;

    private String cityName = "";

    // static final will be accessible everywhere within the class but cant be
    // changed once initialized.
    private static final String countryName = "India";

    public City(String cityName, double iphone_diff) {
        super();
        this.iphone_diff = iphone_diff;
        iphone_citi_price = iphone_base_price + iphone_diff;
        this.cityName = cityName;

    }

    /**
     * get phone price
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private double getPrice() {

        return iphone_citi_price;
    }

    /**
     * Get city name
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private String getCityName() {

        return cityName;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 300 is the
        City newyork = new City("Newyork", 300);
        System.out.println(newyork.getPrice() + "  " + newyork.getCityName());

        City california = new City("California", 800);
        System.out.println(california.getPrice() + "  " + california.getCityName());

        // We cant write below statement as a final variable can not be
        // reassigned
        // california.iphone_diff=1000; //************************

        // base price is defined for a class and not per instances.
        // For any number of object creation, static variable's value would be the same
        // for all instances until and unless changed.
        // Also it is accessible anywhere inside a class.
        iphone_base_price = 9000;

        City delhi = new City("delhi", 400);
        System.out.println(delhi.getPrice() + "  " + delhi.getCityName());

        City moscow = new City("delhi", 500);
        System.out.println(moscow.getPrice() + "  " + moscow.getCityName());

        // Here countryName is accessible as it is static but we can not change it as it is final as well. 
        //Something are meant to be accessible with no permission to modify it. 
        //Try un-commenting below statements
        System.out.println(countryName);

        // countryName="INDIA";
        // System.out.println(countryName);

    }

}