public List<state> getAllActiveState() {
    List<Master> master = masterRepository.getActiveExamMasters();
    Master activeMaster = new Master();
    try {
        activeMaster = master.stream().filter(status -> status.getStatus() == true).reduce((u, v) -> {
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        }).get();
        return stateRepository.getAllStateActiveId(activeMaster.getId());
    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
        logger.info(":More than one status found TRUE in Master");
        return null;
    }
}

In this above code, As per the condition if its find more than one true in the list then it will through the exception. When it through the error will showing custom message because it easy maintain the logs on server side. From Nth number of element present in list just want only one element have true condition if in list there are more than one elements having true status at that moment it will through an exception. after getting all the this we using get(); to taking that one element from list and stored it into another object. If you want you added optional like Optional<activeMaster > = master.stream().filter(status -> status.getStatus() == true).reduce((u, v) -> {throw new IllegalStateException();}).get();

其他涉及编写自定义Collector的答案可能更有效(如Louis Wasserman的+1)，但如果你想要简洁，我建议如下:

List<User> result = users.stream()
    .filter(user -> user.getId() == 1)
    .limit(2)
    .collect(Collectors.toList());

然后验证结果列表的大小。

if (result.size() != 1) {
  throw new IllegalStateException("Expected exactly one user but got " + result);
User user = result.get(0);
}

你试过这个吗

long c = users.stream().filter((user) -> user.getId() == 1).count();
if(c > 1){
    throw new IllegalStateException();
}

long count()
Returns the count of elements in this stream. This is a special case of a reduction and is equivalent to:

     return mapToLong(e -> 1L).sum();

This is a terminal operation.

来源:https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/Stream.html

使用减少

这是我发现的更简单灵活的方法(基于@prunge的答案)

Optional<User> user = users.stream()
        .filter(user -> user.getId() == 1)
        .reduce((a, b) -> {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Multiple elements: " + a + ", " + b);
        })

这样你就可以得到:

Optional -和你的对象一样，如果不存在则使用Optional.empty() 如果有多个元素，则使用Exception(最终使用YOUR自定义类型/消息)

如果你不使用Guava或Kotlin，这里有一个基于@skiwi和@Neuron答案的解决方案。

users.stream().collect(single(user -> user.getId() == 1));

or

users.stream().collect(optional(user -> user.getId() == 1));

其中single和optional是返回相应收集器的静态导入函数。

我认为，如果将过滤逻辑移到收集器内部，看起来会更简洁。同样，如果您碰巧用.filter删除字符串，代码中也不会中断任何内容。

代码https://gist.github.com/overpas/ccc39b75f17a1c65682c071045c1a079的要点

我自己尝试了一个示例代码，这里是解决方案。

User user = Stream.of(new User(2), new User(2), new User(1), new User(2))
            .filter(u -> u.getAge() == 2).findFirst().get();

和用户类

class User {
    private int age;

public User(int age) {
    this.age = age;
}

public int getAge() {
    return age;
}

public void setAge(int age) {
    this.age = age;
 }
}