总结
使用这个答案中描述的技术，你可以在Using块中使用一个WCF服务，语法如下:
var channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IMyService>("");
var serviceHelper = new ServiceHelper<IMyService>(channelFactory);
var proxy = serviceHelper.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
proxy.DoWork();
}
当然，您还可以进一步对其进行调整，以实现特定于您的情况的更简洁的编程模型——但重点是，我们可以创建表示正确实现一次性模式的通道的IMyService实现。
细节
All the answers given thus far address the problem of getting around the "bug" in the WCF Channel implemention of IDisposable. The answer that seems to offer the most concise programming model (allowing you to use the using block to dispose on unmanaged resources) is this one - where the proxy is modifed to implement IDisposable with a bug-free implementation. The problem with this approach is maintainability - we have to re-implement this functionality for ever proxy we use. On a variation of this answer we will see how we can use composition rather than inheritance to make this technique generic.
第一次尝试
对于IDisposable实现，似乎有各种各样的实现，但为了便于讨论，我们将使用当前公认答案的一种改编。
[ServiceContract]
public interface IMyService
{
[OperationContract]
void DoWork();
}
public class ProxyDisposer : IDisposable
{
private IClientChannel _clientChannel;
public ProxyDisposer(IClientChannel clientChannel)
{
_clientChannel = clientChannel;
}
public void Dispose()
{
var success = false;
try
{
_clientChannel.Close();
success = true;
}
finally
{
if (!success)
_clientChannel.Abort();
_clientChannel = null;
}
}
}
public class ProxyWrapper : IMyService, IDisposable
{
private IMyService _proxy;
private IDisposable _proxyDisposer;
public ProxyWrapper(IMyService proxy, IDisposable disposable)
{
_proxy = proxy;
_proxyDisposer = disposable;
}
public void DoWork()
{
_proxy.DoWork();
}
public void Dispose()
{
_proxyDisposer.Dispose();
}
}
有了上面的类，我们现在就可以编写了
public class ServiceHelper
{
private readonly ChannelFactory<IMyService> _channelFactory;
public ServiceHelper(ChannelFactory<IMyService> channelFactory )
{
_channelFactory = channelFactory;
}
public IMyService CreateChannel()
{
var channel = _channelFactory.CreateChannel();
var channelDisposer = new ProxyDisposer(channel as IClientChannel);
return new ProxyWrapper(channel, channelDisposer);
}
}
这允许我们使用using块来消费我们的服务:
ServiceHelper serviceHelper = ...;
var proxy = serviceHelper.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
proxy.DoWork();
}
让它变得通用
到目前为止，我们所做的只是重新表述了托马斯的解。阻止这段代码成为泛型的原因是，必须为我们想要的每个服务契约重新实现ProxyWrapper类。现在我们来看看一个类，它允许我们使用IL动态创建这种类型:
public class ServiceHelper<T>
{
private readonly ChannelFactory<T> _channelFactory;
private static readonly Func<T, IDisposable, T> _channelCreator;
static ServiceHelper()
{
/**
* Create a method that can be used generate the channel.
* This is effectively a compiled verion of new ProxyWrappper(channel, channelDisposer) for our proxy type
* */
var assemblyName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
var an = new AssemblyName(assemblyName);
var assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly(an, AssemblyBuilderAccess.Run);
var moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule(assemblyName);
var proxyType = CreateProxyType(moduleBuilder, typeof(T), typeof(IDisposable));
var channelCreatorMethod = new DynamicMethod("ChannelFactory", typeof(T),
new[] { typeof(T), typeof(IDisposable) });
var ilGen = channelCreatorMethod.GetILGenerator();
var proxyVariable = ilGen.DeclareLocal(typeof(T));
var disposableVariable = ilGen.DeclareLocal(typeof(IDisposable));
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, proxyVariable);
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, disposableVariable);
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Newobj, proxyType.GetConstructor(new[] { typeof(T), typeof(IDisposable) }));
ilGen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
_channelCreator =
(Func<T, IDisposable, T>)channelCreatorMethod.CreateDelegate(typeof(Func<T, IDisposable, T>));
}
public ServiceHelper(ChannelFactory<T> channelFactory)
{
_channelFactory = channelFactory;
}
public T CreateChannel()
{
var channel = _channelFactory.CreateChannel();
var channelDisposer = new ProxyDisposer(channel as IClientChannel);
return _channelCreator(channel, channelDisposer);
}
/**
* Creates a dynamic type analogous to ProxyWrapper, implementing T and IDisposable.
* This method is actually more generic than this exact scenario.
* */
private static Type CreateProxyType(ModuleBuilder moduleBuilder, params Type[] interfacesToInjectAndImplement)
{
TypeBuilder tb = moduleBuilder.DefineType(Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),
TypeAttributes.Public | TypeAttributes.Class);
var typeFields = interfacesToInjectAndImplement.ToDictionary(tf => tf,
tf => tb.DefineField("_" + tf.Name, tf, FieldAttributes.Private));
#region Constructor
var constructorBuilder = tb.DefineConstructor(
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.HideBySig | MethodAttributes.SpecialName |
MethodAttributes.RTSpecialName,
CallingConventions.Standard,
interfacesToInjectAndImplement);
var il = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(object).GetConstructor(new Type[0]));
for (var i = 1; i <= interfacesToInjectAndImplement.Length; i++)
{
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, i);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, typeFields[interfacesToInjectAndImplement[i - 1]]);
}
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
#endregion
#region Add Interface Implementations
foreach (var type in interfacesToInjectAndImplement)
{
tb.AddInterfaceImplementation(type);
}
#endregion
#region Implement Interfaces
foreach (var type in interfacesToInjectAndImplement)
{
foreach (var method in type.GetMethods())
{
var methodBuilder = tb.DefineMethod(method.Name,
MethodAttributes.Public | MethodAttributes.Virtual | MethodAttributes.HideBySig |
MethodAttributes.Final | MethodAttributes.NewSlot,
method.ReturnType,
method.GetParameters().Select(p => p.ParameterType).ToArray());
il = methodBuilder.GetILGenerator();
if (method.ReturnType == typeof(void))
{
il.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, typeFields[type]);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, method);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
}
else
{
il.DeclareLocal(method.ReturnType);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, typeFields[type]);
var methodParameterInfos = method.GetParameters();
for (var i = 0; i < methodParameterInfos.Length; i++)
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, (i + 1));
il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, method);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc_0);
var defineLabel = il.DefineLabel();
il.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, defineLabel);
il.MarkLabel(defineLabel);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc_0);
il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
}
tb.DefineMethodOverride(methodBuilder, method);
}
}
#endregion
return tb.CreateType();
}
}
有了新的助手类，我们现在可以编写
var channelFactory = new ChannelFactory<IMyService>("");
var serviceHelper = new ServiceHelper<IMyService>(channelFactory);
var proxy = serviceHelper.CreateChannel();
using (proxy as IDisposable)
{
proxy.DoWork();
}
注意，对于继承ClientBase<>的自动生成客户端(而不是使用ChannelFactory<>)，或者如果您想使用IDisposable的不同实现来关闭通道，也可以使用相同的技术(稍作修改)。
