我使用了这里描述的方法的一个稍微修改的版本: https://stackoverflow.com/a/5311362/563175

它看起来是这样的:

kill `pstree -p 24901 | sed 's/(/\n(/g' | grep '(' | sed 's/(\(.*\)).*/\1/' | tr "\n" " "`

其中24901是父PID。

它看起来很丑，但它的工作很完美。

为了补充Norman Ramsey的答案，如果您想创建一个流程组，可能值得看看setsid。 http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/setsid.html

The setsid() function shall create a new session, if the calling process is not a process group leader. Upon return the calling process shall be the session leader of this new session, shall be the process group leader of a new process group, and shall have no controlling terminal. The process group ID of the calling process shall be set equal to the process ID of the calling process. The calling process shall be the only process in the new process group and the only process in the new session.

我的意思是你可以从头开始创建一个组。我在php中使用这个功能是为了能够在启动整个进程树后杀死它。

这可能是个坏主意。我对你们的评论很感兴趣。

要递归地杀死进程树，请使用killtree():

#!/bin/bash

killtree() {
    local _pid=$1
    local _sig=${2:--TERM}
    kill -stop ${_pid} # needed to stop quickly forking parent from producing children between child killing and parent killing
    for _child in $(ps -o pid --no-headers --ppid ${_pid}); do
        killtree ${_child} ${_sig}
    done
    kill -${_sig} ${_pid}
}

if [ $# -eq 0 -o $# -gt 2 ]; then
    echo "Usage: $(basename $0) <pid> [signal]"
    exit 1
fi

killtree $@

使用进程组ID (PGID)杀死属于同一进程树的所有进程

使用默认信号(TERM = 15) 使用信号kill (9)

您可以从同一进程树的任何进程id (PID)中检索PGID

杀- - - $ (ps - o pgid = $ PID | grep - o '[0 - 9] * ')(信号) $(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o '[0-9]*')(信号kill)

特别感谢tanager和Speakus对$PID剩余空间和OSX兼容性的贡献。

解释

kill -9 -"$PGID" => Send signal 9 (KILL) to all child and grandchild... PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID") => Retrieve the Process-Group-ID from any Process-ID of the tree, not only the Process-Parent-ID. A variation of ps opgid= $PID is ps -o pgid --no-headers $PID where pgid can be replaced by pgrp. But: ps inserts leading spaces when PID is less than five digits and right aligned as noticed by tanager. You can use: PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID" | tr -d ' ') ps from OSX always print the header, therefore Speakus proposes: PGID="$( ps -o pgid "$PID" | grep [0-9] | tr -d ' ' )" grep -o [0-9]* prints successive digits only (does not print spaces or alphabetical headers).

更多命令行

PGID=$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o [0-9]*)
kill -TERM -"$PGID"  # kill -15
kill -INT  -"$PGID"  # correspond to [CRTL+C] from keyboard
kill -QUIT -"$PGID"  # correspond to [CRTL+\] from keyboard
kill -CONT -"$PGID"  # restart a stopped process (above signals do not kill it)
sleep 2              # wait terminate process (more time if required)
kill -KILL -"$PGID"  # kill -9 if it does not intercept signals (or buggy)

限制

正如davide和Hubert Kario所注意到的，当kill被属于同一棵树的进程调用时，kill在终止整个树的kill之前可能会杀死自己。 因此，请确保使用具有不同process - group - id的进程运行该命令。

很长的故事

> cat run-many-processes.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./child.sh background &
./child.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"

> cat child.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
./grandchild.sh background &
./grandchild.sh foreground
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"

> cat grandchild.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "ProcessID=$$ begins ($0)"
sleep 9999
echo "ProcessID=$$ ends ($0)"

使用'&'在后台运行流程树

> ./run-many-processes.sh &    
ProcessID=28957 begins (./run-many-processes.sh)
ProcessID=28959 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28958 begins (./child.sh)
ProcessID=28960 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28961 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28962 begins (./grandchild.sh)
ProcessID=28963 begins (./grandchild.sh)

> PID=$!                    # get the Parent Process ID
> PGID=$(ps opgid= "$PID")  # get the Process Group ID

> ps fj
 PPID   PID  PGID   SID TTY      TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3    28969 Ss   33021   0:00 -bash
28349 28957 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  \_ /bin/sh ./run-many-processes.sh
28957 28958 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh background
28958 28961 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |   \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |   |   \_ sleep 9999
28958 28963 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |   \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   |       \_ sleep 9999
28957 28959 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |   \_ /bin/sh ./child.sh foreground
28959 28960 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |       \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |       |   \_ sleep 9999
28959 28962 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |       \_ /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3    28969 S    33021   0:00  |           \_ sleep 9999
28349 28969 28969 28349 pts/3    28969 R+   33021   0:00  \_ ps fj

命令pkill -P $PID不杀死孙子:

> pkill -P "$PID"
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28958 Terminated              ./child.sh background
./run-many-processes.sh: line 4: 28959 Terminated              ./child.sh foreground
ProcessID=28957 ends (./run-many-processes.sh)
[1]+  Done                    ./run-many-processes.sh

> ps fj
 PPID   PID  PGID   SID TTY      TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3    28987 Ss   33021   0:00 -bash
28349 28987 28987 28349 pts/3    28987 R+   33021   0:00  \_ ps fj
    1 28963 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28963 28967 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999
    1 28962 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh foreground
28962 28966 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999
    1 28961 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28961 28965 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999
    1 28960 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00 /bin/sh ./grandchild.sh background
28960 28964 28957 28349 pts/3    28987 S    33021   0:00  \_ sleep 9999

命令kill——-$PGID杀死所有进程，包括孙子进程。

> kill --    -"$PGID"  # default signal is TERM (kill -15)
> kill -CONT -"$PGID"  # awake stopped processes
> kill -KILL -"$PGID"  # kill -9 to be sure

> ps fj
 PPID   PID  PGID   SID TTY      TPGID STAT   UID   TIME COMMAND
28348 28349 28349 28349 pts/3    29039 Ss   33021   0:00 -bash
28349 29039 29039 28349 pts/3    29039 R+   33021   0:00  \_ ps fj

结论

我注意到在这个例子中PID和PGID是相等的(28957)。 这就是为什么我一开始觉得杀了。-$PID就够了。但如果进程是在Makefile中生成的，则进程ID与组ID不同。

我认为kill——-$(ps -o pgid= $PID | grep -o[0-9]*)是当从不同的Group ID(另一个进程树)调用时杀死整个进程树的最好的简单技巧。

你没有说你想要杀死的树是否是一个单独的进程组。(如果树是从服务器启动或shell命令行派生出来的，通常会出现这种情况。)您可以使用GNU ps发现进程组，如下所示:

 ps x -o  "%p %r %y %x %c "

如果它是您想要终止的进程组，只需使用kill(1)命令，但不给它一个进程号，而是给它一个组号的负数。例如，要终止5112组中的所有进程，请使用kill -TERM——-5112。

ps -o pid= --ppid $PPID | xargs kill -9