“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误

我得到以下错误:

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>

下面是导致这个错误的代码:

if input.startswith("!web"):
    input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
    url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
    info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
    Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?

当前回答

对于Centos 6/7、Fedora上的Python 3.4+，只需按如下方式安装受信任CA:

拷贝CA.crt到/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ update-ca-trust force-enable update-ca-trust提取

2016-05-05 14:57:42

其他回答

就像我在评论中写的，这个问题可能与这个SO答案有关。

简而言之:有多种方法来验证证书。OpenSSL使用的验证与系统上的受信任根证书不兼容。OpenSSL是Python使用的。

您可以尝试获取Verisign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority缺少的证书，然后根据Python文档使用cafile选项:

urllib2.urlopen(req, cafile="verisign.pem")

2015-01-08 19:18:48

安装nltk的步骤(我已经在MAC OS X中安装了python3 (3.6.2)

sudo easy_install pip

使用ignore installed选项忽略卸载之前版本的6，否则，它会在卸载时给出一个错误，并且不进行电影转发

sudo pip3 install -U nltk --ignore-installed six

检查pip和python的安装，使用'3'版本

which python python2 python3
which pip pip2 pip3

检查NLTK是否安装

python3
import nltk
nltk.__path__
['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk']

在安装示例之前安装SSL证书，否则我们将在安装示例时证书错误

/Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command
python3 -m nltk.downloader book

这就成功地完成了nltk和nltk_ata的安装

2017-09-03 16:12:39

I was getting the same error, and also went on a wild goose chase for quite a while before I gave up and started trying things on my own. I eventually figured it out, so I thought I'd share. In my case, I am running Python 2.7.10 (due to reasons beyond my control) on Linux, don't have access to the requests module, can't install certificates globally at the OS or Python level, can't set any environment variables, and need to access a specific internal site that uses internally issued certificates.

注意:禁用SSL验证从来不是一个选项。我正在下载一个脚本，它可以立即以根用户的身份运行。没有SSL验证，任何web服务器都可以假装是我的目标主机，而我只是接受他们给我的任何东西，并以root身份运行它!

我将根证书和中间证书(可能不止一个)以pem格式保存到一个文件中，然后使用以下代码:

import ssl,urllib2
data = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=ssl.create_default_context(cafile='/path/to/ca-cert-chain.pem')), urllib2.ProxyHandler({})).open('https://your-site.com/somefile').read()
print(data)

注意，我在那里添加了urllib2.ProxyHandler({})。这是因为在我们的环境中，代理是默认设置的，但它们只能访问外部站点，不能访问内部站点。如果没有代理绕过，我就无法访问内部站点。如果你没有这个问题，你可以简化如下:

data = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPSHandler(context=ssl.create_default_context(cafile='/path/to/ca-cert-chain.pem'))).open('https://your-site.com/somefile').read()

工作起来很有魅力，而且不会危及安全。

享受吧!

2021-09-03 01:12:51

我需要补充另一个答案，因为就像Craig Glennie一样，由于网上有许多提到这个问题的帖子，我进行了一次徒劳的追逐。

我正在使用MacPorts，我最初认为的Python问题实际上是MacPorts问题:它在安装openssl时没有安装根证书。解决方案是移植安装curl-ca-bundle，如本文所述。

2017-07-28 19:06:05

看一看

/Applications/Python 3.6/Install Certificates.command

您也可以进入Finder中的Applications文件夹，然后单击Certificates.command

2017-08-16 14:49:54

“SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED”错误

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