我得到以下错误:

Exception in thread Thread-3:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 810, in        __bootstrap_inner
self.run()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/threading.py", line 763, in  run
self.__target(*self.__args, **self.__kwargs)
File "/Users/Matthew/Desktop/Skypebot 2.0/bot.py", line 271, in process
info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 154, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 431, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 449, in _open
'_open', req)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 409, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1240, in https_open
context=self._context)
File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/urllib2.py", line 1197, in do_open
raise URLError(err)
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:581)>

下面是导致这个错误的代码:

if input.startswith("!web"):
    input = input.replace("!web ", "")      
    url = "https://domainsearch.p.mashape.com/index.php?name=" + input
    req = urllib2.Request(url, headers={ 'X-Mashape-Key': 'XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX' })
    info = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
    Message.Chat.SendMessage ("" + info)

我正在使用的API要求我使用HTTPS。我怎样才能让它绕过验证呢?


当前回答

安装nltk的步骤(我已经在MAC OS X中安装了python3 (3.6.2)

sudo easy_install pip

使用ignore installed选项忽略卸载之前版本的6,否则,它会在卸载时给出一个错误,并且不进行电影转发

sudo pip3 install -U nltk --ignore-installed six

检查pip和python的安装,使用'3'版本

which python python2 python3
which pip pip2 pip3

检查NLTK是否安装

python3
import nltk
nltk.__path__
['/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/nltk']

在安装示例之前安装SSL证书,否则我们将在安装示例时证书错误

/Applications/Python\ 3.6/Install\ Certificates.command
python3 -m nltk.downloader book

这就成功地完成了nltk和nltk_ata的安装

其他回答

如果你在vCenter 6上,你应该将你vCenter的vmware证书颁发机构证书添加到你的操作系统的受信任CA列表中。要下载证书,请执行以下操作

打开Web浏览器。 导航到https:// 在右下角单击“下载受信任的根CA”链接

在Fedora

解压缩并将扩展名从.0更改为.cer 将其复制到/etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors/ 执行update-ca-trust命令。

链接:

https://virtualizationreview.com/articles/2015/04/02/install-root-self-signed-certificate-vcenter-6.aspx?m=1 http://forums.fedoraforum.org/showthread.php?t=293856

有些情况下,你不能使用不安全的连接或传递ssl上下文到urllib请求。这里我的解决方案基于 https://stackoverflow.com/a/28052583/6709778

在这种情况下,如果您想使用自己的证书文件

import ssl

def new_ssl_context_decorator(*args, **kwargs):
    kwargs['cafile'] = '/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
    return ssl.create_default_context(*args, **kwargs)

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

或者您可以使用certifi中的共享文件

def new_ssl_context_decorator(*args, **kwargs):
    import certifi
    kwargs['cafile'] = certifi.where()
    return ssl.create_default_context(*args, **kwargs)

我有点羞愧地低下头,因为我也遇到了同样的问题,只不过在我的情况下,我点击的URL是有效的,证书是有效的。无效的是我的网络连接。我未能将代理详细信息添加到浏览器(在这种情况下是IE)。这阻止了验证过程的正确进行。 添加了代理细节,我的python非常高兴。

另一个水蟒解决方案。我在macOS上的Python 2.7环境中获得了CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED。事实证明conda路径很糟糕:

基地(3.7)环境:

>>> import ssl
>>> ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='/usr/local/anaconda3/ssl/cert.pem', capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/anaconda3/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/anaconda3/ssl/certs')

2.7 environment(路径不存在!)

DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='', capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/anaconda3/envs/py27/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/anaconda3/envs/py27/ssl/certs')

解决办法:

cd /usr/local/anaconda3/envs/py27/
mkdir ssl
cd ssl
ln -s ../../../ssl/cert.pem

我在我的一台Linux机器上遇到了类似的问题。生成新的证书并导出指向证书目录的环境变量,为我修复了它:

$ sudo update-ca-certificates --fresh
$ export SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/ssl/certs