HEX转RGB (ES6) +测试[2022]

convertHexToRgb.ts:

/**
 * RGB color regexp
 */
export const RGB_REG_EXP = /rgb\((\d{1,3}), (\d{1,3}), (\d{1,3})\)/;

/**
 * HEX color regexp
 */
export const HEX_REG_EXP = /^#?(([\da-f]){3}|([\da-f]){6})$/i;

/**
 * Converts HEX to RGB.
 *
 * Color must be only HEX string and must be:
 *  - 7-characters starts with "#" symbol ('#ffffff')
 *  - or 6-characters without "#" symbol ('ffffff')
 *  - or 4-characters starts with "#" symbol ('#fff')
 *  - or 3-characters without "#" symbol ('fff')
 *
 * @function { color: string => string } convertHexToRgb
 * @return { string } returns RGB color string or empty string
 */
export const convertHexToRgb = (color: string): string => {
    const errMessage = `
    Something went wrong while working with colors...
    
    Make sure the colors provided to the "PieDonutChart" meet the following requirements:
    
    Color must be only HEX string and must be 
    7-characters starts with "#" symbol ('#ffffff')
    or 6-characters without "#" symbol ('ffffff')
    or 4-characters starts with "#" symbol ('#fff')
    or 3-characters without "#" symbol ('fff')
    
    - - - - - - - - -
    
    Error in: "convertHexToRgb" function
    Received value: ${color}
  `;

    if (
        !color
        || typeof color !== 'string'
        || color.length < 3
        || color.length > 7
    ) {
        console.error(errMessage);
        return '';
    }

    const replacer = (...args: string[]) => {
        const [
            _,
            r,
            g,
            b,
        ] = args;

        return '' + r + r + g + g + b + b;
    };

    const rgbHexArr = color
        ?.replace(HEX_REG_EXP, replacer)
        .match(/.{2}/g)
        ?.map(x => parseInt(x, 16));

    /**
     * "HEX_REG_EXP.test" is here to create more strong tests
     */
    if (rgbHexArr && Array.isArray(rgbHexArr) && HEX_REG_EXP.test(color)) {
        return `rgb(${rgbHexArr[0]}, ${rgbHexArr[1]}, ${rgbHexArr[2]})`;
    }

    console.error(errMessage);
    return '';
};

我正在使用Jest进行测试

color.spec.ts

describe('function "convertHexToRgb"', () => {
    it('returns a valid RGB with the provided 3-digit HEX color: [color = \'fff\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('fff');

        expect(RGB_REG_EXP.test(rgb)).toBeTruthy();
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    });

    it('returns a valid RGB with the provided 3-digit HEX color with hash symbol: [color = \'#fff\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('#fff');

        expect(RGB_REG_EXP.test(rgb)).toBeTruthy();
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    });

    it('returns a valid RGB with the provided 6-digit HEX color: [color = \'ffffff\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('ffffff');

        expect(RGB_REG_EXP.test(rgb)).toBeTruthy();
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    });

    it('returns a valid RGB with the provided 6-digit HEX color with the hash symbol: [color = \'#ffffff\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb(TEST_COLOR);

        expect(RGB_REG_EXP.test(rgb)).toBeTruthy();
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
    });

    it('returns an empty string when the provided value is not a string: [color = 1234]', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();

        // @ts-ignore
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb(1234);

        expect(rgb).toBe('');
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    });

    it('returns an empty string when the provided color is too short: [color = \'FF\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();

        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('FF');

        expect(rgb).toBe('');
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    });

    it('returns an empty string when the provided color is too long: [color = \'#fffffff\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();

        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('#fffffff');

        expect(rgb).toBe('');
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    });

    it('returns an empty string when the provided value is looks like HEX color string but has invalid symbols: [color = \'#fffffp\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('#fffffp');

        expect(rgb).toBe('');
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    });

    it('returns an empty string when the provided value is invalid: [color = \'*\']', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();

        const rgb = convertHexToRgb('*');

        expect(rgb).toBe('');
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    });

    it('returns an empty string when the provided value is undefined: [color = undefined]', () => {
        expect.assertions(2);

        const { consoleErrorMocked }  = mockConsole();

        // @ts-ignore
        const rgb = convertHexToRgb(undefined);

        expect(rgb).toBe('');
        expect(consoleErrorMocked).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
    });
});

测试结果:

function "convertHexToRgb"
    √ returns a valid RGB with the provided 3-digit HEX color: [color = 'fff']
    √ returns a valid RGB with the provided 3-digit HEX color with hash symbol: [color = '#fff']
    √ returns a valid RGB with the provided 6-digit HEX color: [color = 'ffffff']
    √ returns a valid RGB with the provided 6-digit HEX color with the hash symbol: [color = '#ffffff']
    √ returns an empty string when the provided value is not a string: [color = 1234]
    √ returns an empty string when the provided color is too short: [color = 'FF']
    √ returns an empty string when the provided color is too long: [color = '#fffffff']
    √ returns an empty string when the provided value is looks like HEX color string but has invalid symbols: [color = '#fffffp']
    √ returns an empty string when the provided value is invalid: [color = '*']
    √ returns an empty string when the provided value is undefined: [color = undefined]

和mockConsole:

export const mockConsole = () => {
  const consoleError = jest.spyOn(console, 'error').mockImplementationOnce(() => undefined);
  return { consoleError };
};

hexToRgb的另一个版本:

function hexToRgb(hex) {
    var bigint = parseInt(hex, 16);
    var r = (bigint >> 16) & 255;
    var g = (bigint >> 8) & 255;
    var b = bigint & 255;

    return r + "," + g + "," + b;
}

编辑:3/28/2017 这是另一种似乎更快的方法

function hexToRgbNew(hex) {
  var arrBuff = new ArrayBuffer(4);
  var vw = new DataView(arrBuff);
  vw.setUint32(0,parseInt(hex, 16),false);
  var arrByte = new Uint8Array(arrBuff);

  return arrByte[1] + "," + arrByte[2] + "," + arrByte[3];
}

编辑:8/11/2017 经过更多测试后，上面的新方法并没有更快:(。虽然这是一种有趣的替代方式。

当你在3D环境中工作时(webGL, ThreeJS)，你有时需要为网格的不同面创建3个值，基本的一个(主色)，一个浅一点的和一个深一点的:

material.color.set( 0x660000, 0xff0000, 0xff6666 ); // red cube

我们可以从主RBG颜色创建这3个值:255,0,0

function rgbToHex(rgb) { 
  var hex = Number(rgb).toString(16);
  if (hex.length < 2) {
       hex = "0" + hex;
  }
  return hex;
};

function convertToHex(r,g,b) { 

    var fact = 100;  // contrast 
    var code = '0x';

    // main color
    var r_hexa = rgbToHex(r);
    var g_hexa = rgbToHex(g);
    var b_hexa = rgbToHex(b);

    // lighter
    var r_light = rgbToHex(Math.floor(r+((1-(r/255))*fact)));
    var g_light = rgbToHex(Math.floor(g+((1-(g/255))*fact)));
    var b_light = rgbToHex(Math.floor(b+((1-(b/255))*fact)));

    // darker
    var r_dark = rgbToHex(Math.floor(r-((r/255)*(fact*1.5)))); // increase contrast
    var g_dark = rgbToHex(Math.floor(g-((g/255)*(fact*1.5))));
    var b_dark = rgbToHex(Math.floor(b-((b/255)*(fact*1.5))));

    var hexa = code+r_hexa+g_hexa+b_hexa;
    var light = code+r_light+g_light+b_light;
    var dark = code+r_dark+g_dark+b_dark;

    console.log('HEXs -> '+dark+" + "+hexa+" + "+light)

    var colors = [dark, hexa, light]; 
    return colors;

}

在你的ThreeJS代码中简单地写:

var material = new THREE.MeshLambertMaterial();
var c = convertToHex(255,0,0); // red cube needed
material.color.set( Number(c[0]), Number(c[1]), Number(c[2]) );

结果:

//                                 dark      normal     light
convertToHex(255,255,255) HEXs -> 0x696969 + 0xffffff + 0xffffff
convertToHex(255,0,0) HEXs -> 0x690000 + 0xff0000 + 0xff6464
convertToHex(255,127,0) HEXs -> 0x690000 + 0xff0000 + 0xff6464
convertToHex(100,100,100) HEXs -> 0x292929 + 0x646464 + 0xa0a0a0
convertToHex(10,10,10) HEXs -> 0x040404 + 0x0a0a0a + 0x6a6a6a

我遇到了这个问题，因为我想要解析任何颜色字符串值，并能够指定不透明度，所以我写了这个使用canvas API的函数。

var toRGBA = function () {
  var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');
  var context = canvas.getContext('2d');

  canvas.width = 1;
  canvas.height = 1;

  return function (color) {
    context.fillStyle = color;
    context.fillRect(0, 0, 1, 1);

    var data = context.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data;

    return {
      r: data[0],
      g: data[1],
      b: data[2],
      a: data[3]
    };
  };
}();

关于context.fillStyle注意:

如果解析值导致失败，则必须忽略该值，属性必须保留其先前的值。

下面是一个你可以用来测试输入的Stack Snippet演示:

var toRGBA = function () { var canvas = document.createElement('canvas'); var context = canvas.getContext('2d'); canvas.width = 1; canvas.height = 1; return function (color) { context.fillStyle = color; context.fillRect(0, 0, 1, 1); var data = context.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1).data; return { r: data[0], g: data[1], b: data[2], a: data[3] }; }; }(); var inputs = document.getElementsByTagName('input'); function setColor() { inputs[1].value = JSON.stringify(toRGBA(inputs[0].value)); document.body.style.backgroundColor = inputs[0].value; } inputs[0].addEventListener('input', setColor); setColor(); input { width: 200px; margin: 0.5rem; } <input value="cyan" /> <input readonly="readonly" />

我给洛达什做了这个。它将一个RGB字符串，如“30,209,19”转换为其对应的十六进制字符串“#1ed113”:

var rgb = '30,209,19';

var hex = _.reduce(rgb.split(','), function(hexAccumulator, rgbValue) {
    var intColor = _.parseInt(rgbValue);

    if (_.isNaN(intColor)) {
        throw new Error('The value ' + rgbValue + ' was not able to be converted to int');
    }

    // Ensure a value such as 2 is converted to "02".
    var hexColor = _.padLeft(intColor.toString(16), 2, '0');

    return hexAccumulator + hexColor;
}, '#');

一个完全不同的方法转换十六进制颜色代码到RGB没有正则表达式

它根据字符串长度处理#FFF和#FFFFFF格式。它从字符串的开头删除#，并将字符串的每个字符分割并将其转换为base10，并将其添加到其位置的相应索引中。

//Algorithm of hex to rgb conversion in ES5 function hex2rgbSimple(str){ str = str.replace('#', ''); return str.split('').reduce(function(result, char, index, array){ var j = parseInt(index * 3/array.length); var number = parseInt(char, 16); result[j] = (array.length == 3? number : result[j]) * 16 + number; return result; },[0,0,0]); } //Same code in ES6 hex2rgb = str => str.replace('#','').split('').reduce((r,c,i,{length: l},j,n)=>(j=parseInt(i*3/l),n=parseInt(c,16),r[j]=(l==3?n:r[j])*16+n,r),[0,0,0]); //hex to RGBA conversion hex2rgba = (str, a) => str.replace('#','').split('').reduce((r,c,i,{length: l},j,n)=>(j=parseInt(i*3/l),n=parseInt(c,16),r[j]=(l==3?n:r[j])*16+n,r),[0,0,0,a||1]); //hex to standard RGB conversion hex2rgbStandard = str => `RGB(${str.replace('#','').split('').reduce((r,c,i,{length: l},j,n)=>(j=parseInt(i*3/l),n=parseInt(c,16),r[j]=(l==3?n:r[j])*16+n,r),[0,0,0]).join(',')})`; console.log(hex2rgb('#aebece')); console.log(hex2rgbSimple('#aebece')); console.log(hex2rgb('#aabbcc')); console.log(hex2rgb('#abc')); console.log(hex2rgba('#abc', 0.7)); console.log(hex2rgbStandard('#abc'));