使用sed:

username="alice"
if [ `sed -n "/^$username/p" /etc/passwd` ]
then
    echo "User [$username] already exists"
else
    echo "User [$username] doesn't exist"
fi

我喜欢这个漂亮的单线解决方案

getent passwd username > /dev/null 2&>1 && echo yes || echo no

在脚本中:

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$1" != "" ]; then
        getent passwd $1 > /dev/null 2&>1 && (echo yes; exit 0) || (echo no; exit 2)
else
        echo "missing username"
        exit -1
fi

use:

[mrfish@yoda ~]$ ./u_exists.sh root
yes
[mrfish@yoda ~]$ echo $?
0

[mrfish@yoda ~]$ ./u_exists.sh
missing username
[mrfish@yoda ~]$ echo $?
255

[mrfish@yoda ~]$ ./u_exists.sh aaa
no
[mrfish@indegy ~]$ echo $?
2

下面是检查操作系统分布的脚本，如果不存在则创建User，如果存在则不执行任何操作。

#!/bin/bash

# Detecting OS Ditribution
if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then
    . /etc/os-release
    OS=$NAME
elif type lsb_release >/dev/null 2>&1; then
OS=$(lsb_release -si)
elif [ -f /etc/lsb-release ]; then
    . /etc/lsb-release
    OS=$DISTRIB_ID
else
    OS=$(uname -s)
fi

 echo "$OS"

 user=$(cat /etc/passwd | egrep -e ansible | awk -F ":" '{ print $1}')

 #Adding User based on The OS Distribution
 if [[ $OS = *"Red Hat"* ]] || [[ $OS = *"Amazon Linux"* ]] || [[ $OS = *"CentOS"*  
]] && [[ "$user" != "ansible" ]];then
 sudo useradd ansible

elif [ "$OS" =  Ubuntu ] && [ "$user" != "ansible" ]; then
sudo adduser --disabled-password --gecos "" ansible
else
  echo "$user is already exist on $OS"
 exit
fi

回答晚了，但手指也显示了用户的更多信息

  sudo apt-get finger 
  finger "$username"

也可以通过id命令查看user。

Id -u name提供该用户的Id。 如果用户不存在，你得到命令返回值($?

正如其他回答所指出的:如果您只想检查用户是否存在，则直接使用if和id，就好像已经检查了退出码一样。没有必要去摆弄琴弦，[，$?(美元):

if id "$1" &>/dev/null; then
    echo 'user found'
else
    echo 'user not found'
fi

(不需要使用-u，因为你正在丢弃输出)

另外，如果你把这个代码片段转换成一个函数或脚本，我建议你也适当地设置退出码:

#!/bin/bash
user_exists(){ id "$1" &>/dev/null; } # silent, it just sets the exit code
if user_exists "$1"; code=$?; then  # use the function, save the code
    echo 'user found'
else
    echo 'user not found' >&2  # error messages should go to stderr
fi
exit $code  # set the exit code, ultimately the same set by `id`

我建议使用id命令，因为它测试有效的用户存在wrt passwd文件条目，这并不一定意味着相同:

if [ `id -u $USER_TO_CHECK 2>/dev/null || echo -1` -ge 0 ]; then 
echo FOUND
fi

备注:0为root uid。