根据您的shell实现(例如Busybox vs. grown)，[操作符可能会启动一个进程，更改$?

Try

getent passwd $1 > /dev/null 2&>1
RES=$?

if [ $RES -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "yes the user exists"
else
    echo "No, the user does not exist"
fi

根据您的shell实现(例如Busybox vs. grown)，[操作符可能会启动一个进程，更改$?

Try

getent passwd $1 > /dev/null 2&>1
RES=$?

if [ $RES -eq 0 ]; then
    echo "yes the user exists"
else
    echo "No, the user does not exist"
fi

我是这样用的:

if [ $(getent passwd $user) ] ; then
        echo user $user exists
else
        echo user $user doesn\'t exists
fi

也可以通过id命令查看user。

Id -u name提供该用户的Id。 如果用户不存在，你得到命令返回值($?

正如其他回答所指出的:如果您只想检查用户是否存在，则直接使用if和id，就好像已经检查了退出码一样。没有必要去摆弄琴弦，[，$?(美元):

if id "$1" &>/dev/null; then
    echo 'user found'
else
    echo 'user not found'
fi

(不需要使用-u，因为你正在丢弃输出)

另外，如果你把这个代码片段转换成一个函数或脚本，我建议你也适当地设置退出码:

#!/bin/bash
user_exists(){ id "$1" &>/dev/null; } # silent, it just sets the exit code
if user_exists "$1"; code=$?; then  # use the function, save the code
    echo 'user found'
else
    echo 'user not found' >&2  # error messages should go to stderr
fi
exit $code  # set the exit code, ultimately the same set by `id`

使用sed:

username="alice"
if [ `sed -n "/^$username/p" /etc/passwd` ]
then
    echo "User [$username] already exists"
else
    echo "User [$username] doesn't exist"
fi

我喜欢这个漂亮的单线解决方案

getent passwd username > /dev/null 2&>1 && echo yes || echo no

在脚本中:

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$1" != "" ]; then
        getent passwd $1 > /dev/null 2&>1 && (echo yes; exit 0) || (echo no; exit 2)
else
        echo "missing username"
        exit -1
fi

use:

[mrfish@yoda ~]$ ./u_exists.sh root
yes
[mrfish@yoda ~]$ echo $?
0

[mrfish@yoda ~]$ ./u_exists.sh
missing username
[mrfish@yoda ~]$ echo $?
255

[mrfish@yoda ~]$ ./u_exists.sh aaa
no
[mrfish@indegy ~]$ echo $?
2