是否有跨浏览器的CSS/JavaScript技术来显示一个长HTML表，使列标题保持固定在屏幕上，而不随表体滚动。想想微软Excel中的“冻结窗格”效果。
我希望能够滚动表的内容，但总是能够在顶部看到列标题。
当前回答
我还创建了一个插件来解决这个问题。我的项目- jQuery。floatThead已经存在了4年多，非常成熟。
它不需要外部样式，也不期望您的表以任何特定的方式进行样式化。支持Internet Explorer9+和Firefox/Chrome浏览器。
目前(2018-05):
在GitHub上有405次提交和998个星级
这里的许多(不是全部)答案都是快速的技巧，可能解决了某个人的问题，但并不适用于每一张桌子。
其他一些插件已经很老了，可能在ie浏览器上运行得很好，但在Firefox和Chrome浏览器上就不行了。
其他回答
一个更精致的纯CSS滚动表
到目前为止，我所见过的所有纯CSS解决方案——尽管它们可能很聪明——都缺乏一定程度的优化，或者在某些情况下不能正常工作。所以，我决定创建我自己的…
特点:
It's pure CSS, so no jQuery required (or any JavaScript code at all, for that matter) You can set the table width to a percent (a.k.a. "fluid") or a fixed value, or let the content determine its width (a.k.a. "auto") Column widths can also be fluid, fixed, or auto. Columns will never become misaligned with headers due to horizontal scrolling (a problem that occurs in every other CSS-based solution I've seen that doesn't require fixed widths). Compatible with all of the popular desktop browsers, including Internet Explorer back to version 8 Clean, polished appearance; no sloppy-looking 1-pixel gaps or misaligned borders; looks the same in all browsers
下面是一些显示流体和自动宽度选项的控件:
流体宽度和高度(适应屏幕大小):jsFiddle(注意，在此配置中，滚动条只在需要时显示，因此您可能必须缩小帧才能看到它) 自动宽度，固定高度(更容易与其他内容集成):jsFiddle
自动宽度，固定高度配置可能有更多的用例，所以我将在下面发布代码。
/* The following 'html' and 'body' rule sets are required only if using a % width or height*/ /*html { width: 100%; height: 100%; }*/ body { box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: 0; padding: 0 20px 0 20px; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable { box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; overflow: hidden; width: auto; /* If you want a fixed width, set it here, else set to auto */ min-width: 0/*100%*/; /* If you want a % width, set it here, else set to 0 */ height: 188px/*100%*/; /* Set table height here; can be fixed value or % */ min-height: 0/*104px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows + caption + thead */ font-family: Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; padding: 20px 0 20px 0; /* Need enough padding to make room for caption */ text-align: left; color: black; } .scrollingtable * {box-sizing: border-box;} .scrollingtable > div { position: relative; border-top: 1px solid black; height: 100%; padding-top: 20px; /* This determines column header height */ } .scrollingtable > div:before { top: 0; background: cornflowerblue; /* Header row background color */ } .scrollingtable > div:before, .scrollingtable > div > div:after { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0; } .scrollingtable > div > div { min-height: 0/*43px*/; /* If using % height, make this large enough to fit scrollbar arrows */ max-height: 100%; overflow: scroll/*auto*/; /* Set to auto if using fixed or % width; else scroll */ overflow-x: hidden; border: 1px solid black; /* Border around table body */ } .scrollingtable > div > div:after {background: white;} /* Match page background color */ .scrollingtable > div > div > table { width: 100%; border-spacing: 0; margin-top: -20px; /* Inverse of column header height */ /*margin-right: 17px;*/ /* Uncomment if using % width */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > caption { position: absolute; top: -20px; /*inverse of caption height*/ margin-top: -1px; /*inverse of border-width*/ width: 100%; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > * > tr > * {padding: 0;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead { vertical-align: bottom; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center; } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div { display: inline-block; padding: 0 6px 0 6px; /*header cell padding*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > :first-child:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 20px; /*match column header height*/ border-left: 1px solid black; /*leftmost header border*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div > div:first-child, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before { position: absolute; top: 0; white-space: pre-wrap; color: white; /*header row font color*/ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:before, .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * > div[label]:after {content: attr(label);} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > thead > tr > * + :before { content: ""; display: block; min-height: 20px; /* Match column header height */ padding-top: 1px; border-left: 1px solid black; /* Borders between header cells */ } .scrollingtable .scrollbarhead {float: right;} .scrollingtable .scrollbarhead:before { position: absolute; width: 100px; top: -1px; /* Inverse border-width */ background: white; /* Match page background color */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:after { content: ""; display: table-cell; position: relative; padding: 0; border-top: 1px solid black; top: -1px; /* Inverse of border width */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody {vertical-align: top;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr {background: white;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * { border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 6px 0 6px; height: 20px; /* Match column header height */ } .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody:last-of-type > tr:last-child > * {border-bottom: none;} .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr:nth-child(even) {background: gainsboro;} /* Alternate row color */ .scrollingtable > div > div > table > tbody > tr > * + * {border-left: 1px solid black;} /* Borders between body cells */ <div class="scrollingtable"> <div> <div> <table> <caption>Top Caption</caption> <thead> <tr> <th><div label="Column 1"/></th> <th><div label="Column 2"/></th> <th><div label="Column 3"/></th> <th> <!-- More versatile way of doing column label; requires two identical copies of label --> <div><div>Column 4</div><div>Column 4</div></div> </th> <th class="scrollbarhead"/> <!-- ALWAYS ADD THIS EXTRA CELL AT END OF HEADER ROW --> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> <tr><td>Lorem ipsum</td><td>Dolor</td><td>Sit</td><td>Amet consectetur</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> Faux bottom caption </div> </div> <!--[if lte IE 9]><style>.scrollingtable > div > div > table {margin-right: 17px;}</style><![endif]-->
我用来冻结标题行的方法与d-Pixie的方法类似，因此请参阅他的帖子以获得解释。该技术存在大量错误和限制，只能通过大量额外的CSS和一两个额外的div容器来修复。
我开发了一个简单的轻量级jQuery插件，用于将格式良好的HTML表转换为具有固定表头和列的可滚动表。
该插件可以很好地匹配固定部分与可滚动部分的像素到像素的定位。此外，您还可以冻结水平滚动时始终显示在视图中的列数。
演示和文档:http://meetselva.github.io/fixed-table-rows-cols/
GitHub存储库:https://github.com/meetselva/fixed-table-rows-cols
下面是带有固定表头的简单表的用法，
$(<table selector>).fxdHdrCol({
width: "100%",
height: 200,
colModal: [{width: 30, align: 'center'},
{width: 70, align: 'center'},
{width: 200, align: 'left'},
{width: 100, align: 'center'},
{width: 70, align: 'center'},
{width: 250, align: 'center'}
]
});
<html>
<head>
<script src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery@3.2.1/dist/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
function stickyTableHead (tableID) {
var $tmain = $(tableID);
var $tScroll = $tmain.children("thead")
.clone()
.wrapAll('<table id="tScroll" />')
.parent()
.addClass($(tableID).attr("class"))
.css("position", "fixed")
.css("top", "0")
.css("display", "none")
.prependTo("#tMain");
var pos = $tmain.offset().top + $tmain.find(">thead").height();
$(document).scroll(function () {
var dataScroll = $tScroll.data("scroll");
dataScroll = dataScroll || false;
if ($(this).scrollTop() >= pos) {
if (!dataScroll) {
$tScroll
.data("scroll", true)
.show()
.find("th").each(function () {
$(this).width($tmain.find(">thead>tr>th").eq($(this).index()).width());
});
}
} else {
if (dataScroll) {
$tScroll
.data("scroll", false)
.hide()
;
}
}
});
}
$(document).ready(function () {
stickyTableHead('#tMain');
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
gfgfdgsfgfdgfds<br/>
<table id="tMain" >
<thead>
<tr>
<th>1</th> <th>2</th><th>3</th> <th>4</th><th>5</th> <th>6</th><th>7</th> <th>8</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
<tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5555555</td><td>66666666666</td><td>77777777777</td><td>8888888888888888</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
我意识到这个问题允许JavaScript，但这里有一个纯CSS解决方案，我还允许表水平展开。它在ie10和最新的Chrome和Firefox浏览器上进行了测试。jsFiddle的链接在底部。
HTML:
Putting some text here to differentiate between the header
aligning with the top of the screen and the header aligning
with the top of one of its ancestor containers.
<div id="positioning-container">
<div id="scroll-container">
<table>
<colgroup>
<col class="col1"></col>
<col class="col2"></col>
</colgroup>
<thead>
<th class="header-col1"><div>Header 1</div></th>
<th class="header-col2"><div>Header 2</div></th>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 3.1</td><td>Cell 3.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 4.1</td><td>Cell 4.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 5.1</td><td>Cell 5.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 6.1</td><td>Cell 6.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 7.1</td><td>Cell 7.2</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
而CSS:
table{
border-collapse: collapse;
table-layout: fixed;
width: 100%;
}
/* Not required, just helps with alignment for this example */
td, th{
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
tbody{
background-color: #ddf;
}
thead {
/* Keeps the header in place. Don't forget top: 0 */
position: absolute;
top: 0;
background-color: #ddd;
/* The 17px is to adjust for the scrollbar width.
* This is a new css value that makes this pure
* css example possible */
width: calc(100% - 17px);
height: 20px;
}
/* Positioning container. Required to position the
* header since the header uses position:absolute
* (otherwise it would position at the top of the screen) */
#positioning-container{
position: relative;
}
/* A container to set the scroll-bar and
* includes padding to move the table contents
* down below the header (padding = header height) */
#scroll-container{
overflow-y: auto;
padding-top: 20px;
height: 100px;
}
.header-col1{
background-color: red;
}
/* Fixed-width header columns need a div to set their width */
.header-col1 div{
width: 100px;
}
/* Expandable columns need a width set on the th tag */
.header-col2{
width: 100%;
}
.col1 {
width: 100px;
}
.col2{
width: 100%;
}
http://jsfiddle.net/HNHRv/3/
我还创建了一个插件来解决这个问题。我的项目- jQuery。floatThead已经存在了4年多，非常成熟。
它不需要外部样式，也不期望您的表以任何特定的方式进行样式化。支持Internet Explorer9+和Firefox/Chrome浏览器。
目前(2018-05):
在GitHub上有405次提交和998个星级
这里的许多(不是全部)答案都是快速的技巧，可能解决了某个人的问题，但并不适用于每一张桌子。
其他一些插件已经很老了，可能在ie浏览器上运行得很好，但在Firefox和Chrome浏览器上就不行了。
