从https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html # composite_literals:

有时0值还不够好，需要初始化构造函数，就像这个从包os派生的例子一样。

    func NewFile(fd int, name string) *File {
      if fd < 0 {
        return nil
      }
      f := new(File)
      f.fd = fd
      f.name = name
      f.dirinfo = nil
      f.nepipe = 0
      return f
}

type Config struct {
    AWSRegion                               string `default:"us-west-2"`
}

从https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html # composite_literals:

有时0值还不够好，需要初始化构造函数，就像这个从包os派生的例子一样。

    func NewFile(fd int, name string) *File {
      if fd < 0 {
        return nil
      }
      f := new(File)
      f.fd = fd
      f.name = name
      f.dirinfo = nil
      f.nepipe = 0
      return f
}

一种可能的想法是编写单独的构造函数

//Something is the structure we work with
type Something struct {
     Text string 
     DefaultText string 
} 
// NewSomething create new instance of Something
func NewSomething(text string) Something {
   something := Something{}
   something.Text = text
   something.DefaultText = "default text"
   return something
}

Force a method to get the struct (the constructor way). From this post: A good design is to make your type unexported, but provide an exported constructor function like NewMyType() in which you can properly initialize your struct / type. Also return an interface type and not a concrete type, and the interface should contain everything others want to do with your value. And your concrete type must implement that interface of course. This can be done by simply making the type itself unexported. You can export the function NewSomething and even the fields Text and DefaultText, but just don't export the struct type something. Another way to customize it for you own module is by using a Config struct to set default values (Option 5 in the link). Not a good way though.

有一种使用标签的方法 允许多个默认值。

假设您有以下结构，默认有2个 标记default0和default1。

type A struct {
   I int    `default0:"3" default1:"42"`
   S string `default0:"Some String..." default1:"Some Other String..."`
}

现在可以设置默认值了。

func main() {

ptr := &A{}

Set(ptr, "default0")
fmt.Printf("ptr.I=%d ptr.S=%s\n", ptr.I, ptr.S)
// ptr.I=3 ptr.S=Some String...

Set(ptr, "default1")
fmt.Printf("ptr.I=%d ptr.S=%s\n", ptr.I, ptr.S)
// ptr.I=42 ptr.S=Some Other String...
}

这是一个操场上的完整程序。

如果你对一个更复杂的例子感兴趣，可以说with 切片和映射，然后，看看creasty/defaultse