我需要在平面文件中存储多维数据关联数组，以便进行缓存。我可能偶尔会遇到需要将其转换为JSON以在我的web应用程序中使用，但绝大多数情况下，我将直接在PHP中使用数组。
在这个文本文件中将数组存储为JSON还是PHP序列化数组更有效?我查看了一下，似乎在最新版本的PHP(5.3)中，json_decode实际上比反序列化更快。
我目前倾向于将数组存储为JSON，因为我觉得如果有必要的话，它更容易被人阅读，它可以在PHP和JavaScript中使用，而且从我所读到的，它甚至可能更快地解码(虽然不确定编码)。
有人知道有什么陷阱吗?有人有好的基准来显示这两种方法的性能优势吗?
当前回答
在你做出最终决定之前，请注意JSON格式对于关联数组是不安全的——json_decode()将它们作为对象返回:
$config = array(
'Frodo' => 'hobbit',
'Gimli' => 'dwarf',
'Gandalf' => 'wizard',
);
print_r($config);
print_r(json_decode(json_encode($config)));
输出是:
Array
(
[Frodo] => hobbit
[Gimli] => dwarf
[Gandalf] => wizard
)
stdClass Object
(
[Frodo] => hobbit
[Gimli] => dwarf
[Gandalf] => wizard
)
其他回答
这取决于你的优先级。
如果性能是你的绝对驾驶特点，那么无论如何要用最快的。在你做出选择之前，一定要充分了解它们之间的差异
Unlike serialize() you need to add extra parameter to keep UTF-8 characters untouched: json_encode($array, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE) (otherwise it converts UTF-8 characters to Unicode escape sequences). JSON will have no memory of what the object's original class was (they are always restored as instances of stdClass). You can't leverage __sleep() and __wakeup() with JSON By default, only public properties are serialized with JSON. (in PHP>=5.4 you can implement JsonSerializable to change this behavior). JSON is more portable
可能还有其他一些不同之处，我现在想不出来。
一个简单的速度测试来比较两者
<?php
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// Make a big, honkin test array
// You may need to adjust this depth to avoid memory limit errors
$testArray = fillArray(0, 5);
// Time json encoding
$start = microtime(true);
json_encode($testArray);
$jsonTime = microtime(true) - $start;
echo "JSON encoded in $jsonTime seconds\n";
// Time serialization
$start = microtime(true);
serialize($testArray);
$serializeTime = microtime(true) - $start;
echo "PHP serialized in $serializeTime seconds\n";
// Compare them
if ($jsonTime < $serializeTime) {
printf("json_encode() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than serialize()\n", ($serializeTime / $jsonTime - 1) * 100);
}
else if ($serializeTime < $jsonTime ) {
printf("serialize() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than json_encode()\n", ($jsonTime / $serializeTime - 1) * 100);
} else {
echo "Impossible!\n";
}
function fillArray( $depth, $max ) {
static $seed;
if (is_null($seed)) {
$seed = array('a', 2, 'c', 4, 'e', 6, 'g', 8, 'i', 10);
}
if ($depth < $max) {
$node = array();
foreach ($seed as $key) {
$node[$key] = fillArray($depth + 1, $max);
}
return $node;
}
return 'empty';
}
我建议您使用超级缓存，这是一种不使用json_encode或序列化的文件缓存机制。与其他PHP缓存机制相比，它使用简单，速度非常快。
https://packagist.org/packages/smart-php/super-cache
Ex:
<?php
require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';
use SuperCache\SuperCache as sCache;
//Saving cache value with a key
// sCache::cache('<key>')->set('<value>');
sCache::cache('myKey')->set('Key_value');
//Retrieving cache value with a key
echo sCache::cache('myKey')->get();
?>
首先，我修改了脚本，做了更多的基准测试(也做了1000次而不是1次):
<?php
ini_set('display_errors', 1);
error_reporting(E_ALL);
// Make a big, honkin test array
// You may need to adjust this depth to avoid memory limit errors
$testArray = fillArray(0, 5);
$totalJsonTime = 0;
$totalSerializeTime = 0;
$totalJsonWins = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
// Time json encoding
$start = microtime(true);
$json = json_encode($testArray);
$jsonTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalJsonTime += $jsonTime;
// Time serialization
$start = microtime(true);
$serial = serialize($testArray);
$serializeTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalSerializeTime += $serializeTime;
if ($jsonTime < $serializeTime) {
$totalJsonWins++;
}
}
$totalSerializeWins = 1000 - $totalJsonWins;
// Compare them
if ($totalJsonTime < $totalSerializeTime) {
printf("json_encode() (wins: $totalJsonWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than serialize()\n", ($totalSerializeTime / $totalJsonTime - 1) * 100);
} else {
printf("serialize() (wins: $totalSerializeWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than json_encode()\n", ($totalJsonTime / $totalSerializeTime - 1) * 100);
}
$totalJsonTime = 0;
$totalJson2Time = 0;
$totalSerializeTime = 0;
$totalJsonWins = 0;
for ($i = 0; $i < 1000; $i++) {
// Time json decoding
$start = microtime(true);
$orig = json_decode($json, true);
$jsonTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalJsonTime += $jsonTime;
$start = microtime(true);
$origObj = json_decode($json);
$jsonTime2 = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalJson2Time += $jsonTime2;
// Time serialization
$start = microtime(true);
$unserial = unserialize($serial);
$serializeTime = microtime(true) - $start;
$totalSerializeTime += $serializeTime;
if ($jsonTime < $serializeTime) {
$totalJsonWins++;
}
}
$totalSerializeWins = 1000 - $totalJsonWins;
// Compare them
if ($totalJsonTime < $totalSerializeTime) {
printf("json_decode() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than unserialize()\n", ($totalSerializeTime / $totalJsonTime - 1) * 100);
} else {
printf("unserialize() (wins: $totalSerializeWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than json_decode()\n", ($totalJsonTime / $totalSerializeTime - 1) * 100);
}
// Compare them
if ($totalJson2Time < $totalSerializeTime) {
printf("json_decode() was roughly %01.2f%% faster than unserialize()\n", ($totalSerializeTime / $totalJson2Time - 1) * 100);
} else {
printf("unserialize() (wins: $totalSerializeWins) was roughly %01.2f%% faster than array json_decode()\n", ($totalJson2Time / $totalSerializeTime - 1) * 100);
}
function fillArray( $depth, $max ) {
static $seed;
if (is_null($seed)) {
$seed = array('a', 2, 'c', 4, 'e', 6, 'g', 8, 'i', 10);
}
if ($depth < $max) {
$node = array();
foreach ($seed as $key) {
$node[$key] = fillArray($depth + 1, $max);
}
return $node;
}
return 'empty';
}
我使用PHP 7的这个版本:
PHP 7.0.14 (cli)(已构建:2017年1月18日19:13:23)(NTS)版权所有(c) PHP Group Zend Engine v3.0.0，版权所有(c) 1998-2016 Zend技术 与Zend OPcache v7.0.14，版权(c) 1999-2016，由Zend Technologies
我的结果是:
Serialize()(胜:999)比json_encode()快大约10.98% Unserialize()(胜:987)大约比json_decode()快33.26% Unserialize()(胜:987)大约比array快48.35% json_decode ()
显然，序列化/反序列化是最快的方法，而json_encode/decode是最可移植的方法。
如果您考虑这样一个场景:您读/写序列化数据的次数是向非php系统发送数据或从非php系统接收数据的次数的10倍或更多，那么就时间而言，最好还是使用序列化/反序列化，并在序列化之前使用json_encode或json_decode。
我知道这有点晚了，但答案很旧，我想我的基准测试可能会有帮助，因为我刚刚在PHP 7.4中测试过
Serialize/Unserialize比JSON快得多，占用的内存和空间更少，在PHP 7.4中完全胜出，但我不确定我的测试是最有效或最好的。
我基本上创建了一个PHP文件，它返回一个数组，我编码，序列化，然后解码和反序列化。
$array = include __DIR__.'/../tests/data/dao/testfiles/testArray.php';
//JSON ENCODE
$json_encode_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$json_encode_time_start = microtime(true);
for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) {
$encoded = json_encode($array);
}
$json_encode_time_end = microtime(true);
$json_encode_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$json_encode_time = $json_encode_time_end - $json_encode_time_start;
$json_encode_memory =
$json_encode_memory_end - $json_encode_memory_start;
//SERIALIZE
$serialize_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$serialize_time_start = microtime(true);
for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) {
$serialized = serialize($array);
}
$serialize_time_end = microtime(true);
$serialize_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$serialize_time = $serialize_time_end - $serialize_time_start;
$serialize_memory = $serialize_memory_end - $serialize_memory_start;
//Write to file time:
$fpc_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$fpc_time_start = microtime(true);
for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) {
$fpc_bytes =
file_put_contents(
__DIR__.'/../tests/data/dao/testOneBigFile',
'<?php return '.var_export($array,true).' ?>;'
);
}
$fpc_time_end = microtime(true);
$fpc_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$fpc_time = $fpc_time_end - $fpc_time_start;
$fpc_memory = $fpc_memory_end - $fpc_memory_start;
//JSON DECODE
$json_decode_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$json_decode_time_start = microtime(true);
for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) {
$decoded = json_encode($encoded);
}
$json_decode_time_end = microtime(true);
$json_decode_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$json_decode_time = $json_decode_time_end - $json_decode_time_start;
$json_decode_memory =
$json_decode_memory_end - $json_decode_memory_start;
//UNSERIALIZE
$unserialize_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$unserialize_time_start = microtime(true);
for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) {
$unserialized = unserialize($serialized);
}
$unserialize_time_end = microtime(true);
$unserialize_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$unserialize_time = $unserialize_time_end - $unserialize_time_start;
$unserialize_memory =
$unserialize_memory_end - $unserialize_memory_start;
//GET FROM VAR EXPORT:
$var_export_memory_start = memory_get_usage();
$var_export_time_start = microtime(true);
for ($i=0; $i < 20000; $i++) {
$array = include __DIR__.'/../tests/data/dao/testOneBigFile';
}
$var_export_time_end = microtime(true);
$var_export_memory_end = memory_get_usage();
$var_export_time = $var_export_time_end - $var_export_time_start;
$var_export_memory = $var_export_memory_end - $var_export_memory_start;
结果:
Var输出长度:11447 序列化长度:11541 Json编码长度:11895 文件放内容字节:11464
Json编码时间:1.9197590351105 序列化时间:0.160325050354 FPC时间:6.2793469429016
Json编码内存:12288 序列化内存:12288 FPC内存:0
JSON解码时间:1.7493588924408 UnSerialize Time: 0.19309520721436 Var导出和包括:3.1974139213562
JSON解码内存:16384 反序列化内存:14360 Var Export and Include: 192
如果总结一下人们在这里所说的话，json_decode/encode似乎比序列化/反序列化BUT更快 如果执行var_dump，序列化对象的类型将被更改。 如果出于某种原因想要保留类型，请使用serialize!
(例如stdClass vs array)
序列化/非系列化:
Array cache:
array (size=2)
'a' => string '1' (length=1)
'b' => int 2
Object cache:
object(stdClass)[8]
public 'field1' => int 123
This cache:
object(Controller\Test)[8]
protected 'view' =>
JSON 编码/解码
Array cache:
object(stdClass)[7]
public 'a' => string '1' (length=1)
public 'b' => int 2
Object cache:
object(stdClass)[8]
public 'field1' => int 123
This cache:
object(stdClass)[8]
正如你所看到的json_encode/decode将所有转换为stdClass，这不是很好，对象信息丢失…所以根据需要来决定，特别是如果它不仅仅是数组……
