一些如何避免选择的例子

使用Dim变量

Dim rng as Range

将变量设置为所需的范围。有很多种方法来指代单格范围:

Set rng = Range("A1")
Set rng = Cells(1, 1)
Set rng = Range("NamedRange")

或者一个多单元格范围:

Set rng = Range("A1:B10")
Set rng = Range("A1", "B10")
Set rng = Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(10, 2))
Set rng = Range("AnotherNamedRange")
Set rng = Range("A1").Resize(10, 2)

您可以使用Evaluate方法的快捷方式，但这效率较低，通常应该在生产代码中避免使用。

Set rng = [A1]
Set rng = [A1:B10]

以上所有示例都引用活动工作表上的单元格。除非你特别想只使用活动表，否则最好将工作表变量也调暗:

Dim ws As Worksheet
Set ws = Worksheets("Sheet1")
Set rng = ws.Cells(1, 1)
With ws
    Set rng = .Range(.Cells(1, 1), .Cells(2, 10))
End With

如果你确实想要使用ActiveSheet，为了清晰起见，最好是显式的。但是要小心，因为有些工作表方法会更改活动表。

Set rng = ActiveSheet.Range("A1")

同样，这是指活动工作簿。除非你特别想只使用ActiveWorkbook或ThisWorkbook，否则最好也使用Dim Workbook变量。

Dim wb As Workbook
Set wb = Application.Workbooks("Book1")
Set rng = wb.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

如果您确实想使用ActiveWorkbook，为了清晰起见，最好是显式的。但是要注意，因为许多WorkBook方法会更改活动簿。

Set rng = ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

您还可以使用ThisWorkbook对象来引用包含运行代码的书籍。

Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

一个常见的(糟糕的)代码片段是打开一本书，获得一些数据，然后再次关闭

这很糟糕:

Sub foo()
    Dim v as Variant
    Workbooks("Book1.xlsx").Sheets(1).Range("A1").Clear
    Workbooks.Open("C:\Path\To\SomeClosedBook.xlsx")
    v = ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(1).Range("A1").Value
    Workbooks("SomeAlreadyOpenBook.xlsx").Activate
    ActiveWorkbook.Sheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1").Value = v
    Workbooks(2).Activate
    ActiveWorkbook.Close()
End Sub

最好是这样:

Sub foo()
    Dim v as Variant
    Dim wb1 as Workbook
    Dim  wb2 as Workbook
    Set wb1 = Workbooks("SomeAlreadyOpenBook.xlsx")
    Set wb2 = Workbooks.Open("C:\Path\To\SomeClosedBook.xlsx")
    v = wb2.Sheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1").Value
    wb1.Sheets("SomeOtherSheet").Range("A1").Value = v
    wb2.Close()
End Sub

将范围传递给子函数和函数作为范围变量:

Sub ClearRange(r as Range)
    r.ClearContents
    '....
End Sub

Sub MyMacro()
    Dim rng as Range
    Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1:B10")
    ClearRange rng
End Sub

你还应该对变量应用方法(比如Find和Copy):

Dim rng1 As Range
Dim rng2 As Range
Set rng1 = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1:A10")
Set rng2 = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("B1:B10")
rng1.Copy rng2

如果你循环遍历一个单元格范围，通常更好(更快)复制范围值到一个变量数组，然后循环遍历它:

Dim dat As Variant
Dim rng As Range
Dim i As Long

Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1:A10000")
dat = rng.Value  ' dat is now array (1 to 10000, 1 to 1)
for i = LBound(dat, 1) to UBound(dat, 1)
    dat(i,1) = dat(i, 1) * 10 ' Or whatever operation you need to perform
next
rng.Value = dat ' put new values back on sheet

这是对可能性的小小尝试。

为了避免使用. select方法，可以将变量设置为所需的属性。

例如，如果你想要单元格A1中的值，你可以设置一个变量等于该单元格的value属性。

示例valOne = Range("A1")。价值

例如，如果你想要“Sheet3”的代码名，你可以设置一个变量等于该工作表的codename属性。

示例valTwo = Sheets("Sheet3")。代号

避免选择和激活是一个举动，使你更好的VBA开发人员。一般来说，在记录宏时使用“选择”和“激活”，因此父工作表或范围总是被认为是活动的。

这是在以下情况下避免选择和激活的方法:

---

添加一个新的工作表并复制一个单元格:

从(宏记录器生成的代码):

Sub Makro2()
    Range("B2").Select
    Sheets.Add After:=ActiveSheet
    Sheets("Tabelle1").Select
    Sheets("Tabelle1").Name = "NewName"
    ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "12"
    Range("B2").Select
    Selection.Copy
    Range("B3").Select
    ActiveSheet.Paste
    Application.CutCopyMode = False
End Sub

To:

Sub TestMe()
    Dim ws As Worksheet
    Set ws = Worksheets.Add
    With ws
        .Name = "NewName"
        .Range("B2") = 12
        .Range("B2").Copy Destination:=.Range("B3")
    End With
End Sub

当你想复制工作表之间的范围:

来自:

Sheets("Source").Select
Columns("A:D").Select
Selection.Copy
Sheets("Target").Select
Columns("A:D").Select
ActiveSheet.Paste

To:

Worksheets("Source").Columns("A:D").Copy Destination:=Worksheets("Target").Range("a1")

---

使用花哨的命名范围

您可以使用[]访问它们，这与其他方式相比非常漂亮。检查自己:

Dim Months As Range
Dim MonthlySales As Range

Set Months = Range("Months")    
Set MonthlySales = Range("MonthlySales")

Set Months =[Months]
Set MonthlySales = [MonthlySales]

上面的例子是这样的:

Worksheets("Source").Columns("A:D").Copy Destination:=Worksheets("Target").[A1]

---

不是复制值，而是取值

通常，如果你愿意选择，很可能你是在复制一些东西。如果你只对值感兴趣，这是一个避免选择的好选项:

范围(“B1: B6”)。值=范围("A1:A6")。价值

---

试着经常引用工作表

这可能是vba中最常见的错误。无论何时复制范围，有时工作表没有被引用，因此VBA将错误的工作表视为ActiveWorksheet。

'This will work only if the 2. Worksheet is selected!
Public Sub TestMe()
    Dim rng As Range
    Set rng = Worksheets(2).Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(2, 2)).Copy
End Sub

'This works always!
Public Sub TestMe2()
    Dim rng As Range
    With Worksheets(2)
        .Range(.Cells(1, 1), .Cells(2, 2)).Copy
    End With
End Sub

---

我真的不能在任何事情上使用。select或。activate吗?

一个很好的例子，当你想要确保一个特定的工作表被选择为视觉原因时，你可以使用. activate和. select。例如，您的Excel总是首先选择封面工作表打开，而不管文件关闭时哪个是活动表。

因此，像下面这样的代码是完全可以的:

Private Sub Workbook_Open()
    Worksheets("Cover").Activate
End Sub

另一个很好的例子是当你需要将所有的表导出到一个PDF文件中，正如在这种情况下提到的那样——如何避免在本例中VBA中的选择/活动语句? 当一个命令只适用于ActiveWindow时，如ActiveWindow。缩放或ActiveWindow。FreezePanes

使用. parent特性，这个例子展示了如何只设置一个myRng引用就可以动态访问整个环境，而不需要任何. select、. activate、. activecell、. activeworkbook、. activesheet等等。(没有任何通用的. child特性。)

Sub ShowParents()
    Dim myRng As Range
    Set myRng = ActiveCell
    Debug.Print myRng.Address                    ' An address of the selected cell
    Debug.Print myRng.Parent.name                ' The name of sheet, where MyRng is in
    Debug.Print myRng.Parent.Parent.name         ' The name of workbook, where MyRng is in
    Debug.Print myRng.Parent.Parent.Parent.name  ' The name of application, where MyRng is in

    ' You may use this feature to set reference to these objects
    Dim mySh  As Worksheet
    Dim myWbk As Workbook
    Dim myApp As Application

    Set mySh = myRng.Parent
    Set myWbk = myRng.Parent.Parent
    Set myApp = myRng.Parent.Parent.Parent
    Debug.Print mySh.name, mySh.Cells(10, 1).Value
    Debug.Print myWbk.name, myWbk.Sheets.Count
    Debug.Print myApp.name, myApp.Workbooks.Count

    ' You may use dynamically addressing
    With myRng
        .Copy

        ' Pastes in D1 on sheet 2 in the same workbook, where the copied cell is
        .Parent.Parent.Sheets(2).Range("D1").PasteSpecial xlValues

        ' Or myWbk.Sheets(2).Range("D1").PasteSpecial xlValues

        ' We may dynamically call active application too
        .Parent.Parent.Parent.CutCopyMode = False

        ' Or myApp.CutCopyMode = False
    End With
End Sub

“…我发现，如果我能够使用变量而不是选择函数，我的代码将更加可重用。”

虽然我想不出更多孤立的情况，在这些情况下. select将是比直接引用单元格更好的选择，但我要为Selection辩护，并指出它不应该因为应该避免. select的原因而被抛弃。

There are times when having short, time-saving macro sub routines assigned to hot-key combinations available with the tap of a couple of keys saves a lot of time. Being able to select a group of cells to enact the operational code on works wonders when dealing with pocketed data that does not conform to a worksheet-wide data format. Much in the same way that you might select a group of cells and apply a format change, selecting a group of cells to run special macro code against can be a major time saver.

基于选择的子框架示例:

Public Sub Run_on_Selected()
    Dim rng As Range, rSEL As Range
    Set rSEL = Selection    'store the current selection in case it changes
    For Each rng In rSEL
        Debug.Print rng.Address(0, 0)
        'cell-by-cell operational code here
    Next rng
    Set rSEL = Nothing
End Sub

Public Sub Run_on_Selected_Visible()
    'this is better for selected ranges on filtered data or containing hidden rows/columns
    Dim rng As Range, rSEL As Range
    Set rSEL = Selection    'store the current selection in case it changes
    For Each rng In rSEL.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible)
        Debug.Print rng.Address(0, 0)
        'cell-by-cell operational code here
    Next rng
    Set rSEL = Nothing
End Sub

Public Sub Run_on_Discontiguous_Area()
    'this is better for selected ranges of discontiguous areas
    Dim ara As Range, rng As Range, rSEL As Range
    Set rSEL = Selection    'store the current selection in case it changes
    For Each ara In rSEL.Areas
        Debug.Print ara.Address(0, 0)
        'cell group operational code here
        For Each rng In ara.Areas
            Debug.Print rng.Address(0, 0)
            'cell-by-cell operational code here
        Next rng
    Next ara
    Set rSEL = Nothing
End Sub

要处理的实际代码可以是从单行到多个模块的任何内容。我曾使用此方法在包含外部工作簿文件名的不规则单元格上启动长时间运行的例程。

简而言之，不要因为Selection与. select和ActiveCell的密切关联而放弃它。作为工作表属性，它还有许多其他用途。

(是的，我知道这个问题是关于. select，而不是Selection，但我想消除新手VBA程序员可能推断的任何误解。)

始终声明工作簿，工作表和单元格/范围。

例如:

Thisworkbook.Worksheets("fred").cells(1,1)
Workbooks("bob").Worksheets("fred").cells(1,1)

因为终端用户总是只会点击按钮，一旦焦点从代码想要使用的工作簿上移开，事情就会完全出错。

永远不要使用工作簿的索引。

Workbooks(1).Worksheets("fred").cells(1,1)

当用户运行您的代码时，您不知道还会打开哪些工作簿。