如何避免复制粘贴?

让我们面对现实吧:这个在记录宏时经常出现:

Range("X1").Select
Selection.Copy
Range("Y9").Select
Selection.Paste

而这个人唯一想要的是:

Range("Y9").Value = Range("X1").Value

因此，与其在VBA宏中使用复制粘贴，我建议使用以下简单的方法:

Destination_Range.Value = Source_Range.Value

一些如何避免选择的例子

使用Dim变量

Dim rng as Range

将变量设置为所需的范围。有很多种方法来指代单格范围:

Set rng = Range("A1")
Set rng = Cells(1, 1)
Set rng = Range("NamedRange")

或者一个多单元格范围:

Set rng = Range("A1:B10")
Set rng = Range("A1", "B10")
Set rng = Range(Cells(1, 1), Cells(10, 2))
Set rng = Range("AnotherNamedRange")
Set rng = Range("A1").Resize(10, 2)

您可以使用Evaluate方法的快捷方式，但这效率较低，通常应该在生产代码中避免使用。

Set rng = [A1]
Set rng = [A1:B10]

以上所有示例都引用活动工作表上的单元格。除非你特别想只使用活动表，否则最好将工作表变量也调暗:

Dim ws As Worksheet
Set ws = Worksheets("Sheet1")
Set rng = ws.Cells(1, 1)
With ws
    Set rng = .Range(.Cells(1, 1), .Cells(2, 10))
End With

如果你确实想要使用ActiveSheet，为了清晰起见，最好是显式的。但是要小心，因为有些工作表方法会更改活动表。

Set rng = ActiveSheet.Range("A1")

同样，这是指活动工作簿。除非你特别想只使用ActiveWorkbook或ThisWorkbook，否则最好也使用Dim Workbook变量。

Dim wb As Workbook
Set wb = Application.Workbooks("Book1")
Set rng = wb.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

如果您确实想使用ActiveWorkbook，为了清晰起见，最好是显式的。但是要注意，因为许多WorkBook方法会更改活动簿。

Set rng = ActiveWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

您还可以使用ThisWorkbook对象来引用包含运行代码的书籍。

Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1")

一个常见的(糟糕的)代码片段是打开一本书，获得一些数据，然后再次关闭

这很糟糕:

Sub foo()
    Dim v as Variant
    Workbooks("Book1.xlsx").Sheets(1).Range("A1").Clear
    Workbooks.Open("C:\Path\To\SomeClosedBook.xlsx")
    v = ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(1).Range("A1").Value
    Workbooks("SomeAlreadyOpenBook.xlsx").Activate
    ActiveWorkbook.Sheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1").Value = v
    Workbooks(2).Activate
    ActiveWorkbook.Close()
End Sub

最好是这样:

Sub foo()
    Dim v as Variant
    Dim wb1 as Workbook
    Dim  wb2 as Workbook
    Set wb1 = Workbooks("SomeAlreadyOpenBook.xlsx")
    Set wb2 = Workbooks.Open("C:\Path\To\SomeClosedBook.xlsx")
    v = wb2.Sheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1").Value
    wb1.Sheets("SomeOtherSheet").Range("A1").Value = v
    wb2.Close()
End Sub

将范围传递给子函数和函数作为范围变量:

Sub ClearRange(r as Range)
    r.ClearContents
    '....
End Sub

Sub MyMacro()
    Dim rng as Range
    Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1:B10")
    ClearRange rng
End Sub

你还应该对变量应用方法(比如Find和Copy):

Dim rng1 As Range
Dim rng2 As Range
Set rng1 = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1:A10")
Set rng2 = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("B1:B10")
rng1.Copy rng2

如果你循环遍历一个单元格范围，通常更好(更快)复制范围值到一个变量数组，然后循环遍历它:

Dim dat As Variant
Dim rng As Range
Dim i As Long

Set rng = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("SomeSheet").Range("A1:A10000")
dat = rng.Value  ' dat is now array (1 to 10000, 1 to 1)
for i = LBound(dat, 1) to UBound(dat, 1)
    dat(i,1) = dat(i, 1) * 10 ' Or whatever operation you need to perform
next
rng.Value = dat ' put new values back on sheet

这是对可能性的小小尝试。

“…我发现，如果我能够使用变量而不是选择函数，我的代码将更加可重用。”

虽然我想不出更多孤立的情况，在这些情况下. select将是比直接引用单元格更好的选择，但我要为Selection辩护，并指出它不应该因为应该避免. select的原因而被抛弃。

There are times when having short, time-saving macro sub routines assigned to hot-key combinations available with the tap of a couple of keys saves a lot of time. Being able to select a group of cells to enact the operational code on works wonders when dealing with pocketed data that does not conform to a worksheet-wide data format. Much in the same way that you might select a group of cells and apply a format change, selecting a group of cells to run special macro code against can be a major time saver.

基于选择的子框架示例:

Public Sub Run_on_Selected()
    Dim rng As Range, rSEL As Range
    Set rSEL = Selection    'store the current selection in case it changes
    For Each rng In rSEL
        Debug.Print rng.Address(0, 0)
        'cell-by-cell operational code here
    Next rng
    Set rSEL = Nothing
End Sub

Public Sub Run_on_Selected_Visible()
    'this is better for selected ranges on filtered data or containing hidden rows/columns
    Dim rng As Range, rSEL As Range
    Set rSEL = Selection    'store the current selection in case it changes
    For Each rng In rSEL.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeVisible)
        Debug.Print rng.Address(0, 0)
        'cell-by-cell operational code here
    Next rng
    Set rSEL = Nothing
End Sub

Public Sub Run_on_Discontiguous_Area()
    'this is better for selected ranges of discontiguous areas
    Dim ara As Range, rng As Range, rSEL As Range
    Set rSEL = Selection    'store the current selection in case it changes
    For Each ara In rSEL.Areas
        Debug.Print ara.Address(0, 0)
        'cell group operational code here
        For Each rng In ara.Areas
            Debug.Print rng.Address(0, 0)
            'cell-by-cell operational code here
        Next rng
    Next ara
    Set rSEL = Nothing
End Sub

要处理的实际代码可以是从单行到多个模块的任何内容。我曾使用此方法在包含外部工作簿文件名的不规则单元格上启动长时间运行的例程。

简而言之，不要因为Selection与. select和ActiveCell的密切关联而放弃它。作为工作表属性，它还有许多其他用途。

(是的，我知道这个问题是关于. select，而不是Selection，但我想消除新手VBA程序员可能推断的任何误解。)

请注意，在下面我将比较Select方法(OP想要避免的方法)和Range方法(这是问题的答案)。所以当你看到第一个选择时不要停止阅读。

这真的取决于你想要做什么。总之，举个简单的例子会很有用。让我们假设您想要将活动单元格的值设置为“foo”。使用ActiveCell，你可以这样写:

Sub Macro1()
    ActiveCell.Value = "foo"
End Sub

如果你想将它用于一个非活动单元格，例如“B2”，你应该首先选择它，如下所示:

Sub Macro2()
    Range("B2").Select
    Macro1
End Sub

使用Ranges，你可以编写一个更通用的宏，可以用来设置任何你想要的单元格的值:

Sub SetValue(cellAddress As String, aVal As Variant)
    Range(cellAddress).Value = aVal
End Sub

然后你可以重写Macro2为:

Sub Macro2()
    SetCellValue "B2", "foo"
End Sub

而Macro1为:

Sub Macro1()
    SetValue ActiveCell.Address, "foo"
End Sub

始终声明工作簿，工作表和单元格/范围。

例如:

Thisworkbook.Worksheets("fred").cells(1,1)
Workbooks("bob").Worksheets("fred").cells(1,1)

因为终端用户总是只会点击按钮，一旦焦点从代码想要使用的工作簿上移开，事情就会完全出错。

永远不要使用工作簿的索引。

Workbooks(1).Worksheets("fred").cells(1,1)

当用户运行您的代码时，您不知道还会打开哪些工作簿。

使用. parent特性，这个例子展示了如何只设置一个myRng引用就可以动态访问整个环境，而不需要任何. select、. activate、. activecell、. activeworkbook、. activesheet等等。(没有任何通用的. child特性。)

Sub ShowParents()
    Dim myRng As Range
    Set myRng = ActiveCell
    Debug.Print myRng.Address                    ' An address of the selected cell
    Debug.Print myRng.Parent.name                ' The name of sheet, where MyRng is in
    Debug.Print myRng.Parent.Parent.name         ' The name of workbook, where MyRng is in
    Debug.Print myRng.Parent.Parent.Parent.name  ' The name of application, where MyRng is in

    ' You may use this feature to set reference to these objects
    Dim mySh  As Worksheet
    Dim myWbk As Workbook
    Dim myApp As Application

    Set mySh = myRng.Parent
    Set myWbk = myRng.Parent.Parent
    Set myApp = myRng.Parent.Parent.Parent
    Debug.Print mySh.name, mySh.Cells(10, 1).Value
    Debug.Print myWbk.name, myWbk.Sheets.Count
    Debug.Print myApp.name, myApp.Workbooks.Count

    ' You may use dynamically addressing
    With myRng
        .Copy

        ' Pastes in D1 on sheet 2 in the same workbook, where the copied cell is
        .Parent.Parent.Sheets(2).Range("D1").PasteSpecial xlValues

        ' Or myWbk.Sheets(2).Range("D1").PasteSpecial xlValues

        ' We may dynamically call active application too
        .Parent.Parent.Parent.CutCopyMode = False

        ' Or myApp.CutCopyMode = False
    End With
End Sub