是否有可能分割字符串每n个字符?

例如,假设我有一个包含以下内容的字符串:

'1234567890'

我怎样才能让它看起来像这样:

['12','34','56','78','90']

关于列表的相同问题,请参见如何将列表分割为大小相等的块?。同样的技术通常适用,尽管有一些变化。


当前回答

另一个使用groupby和index//n作为键来分组字母的解决方案:

from itertools import groupby

text = "abcdefghij"
n = 3

result = []
for idx, chunk in groupby(text, key=lambda x: x.index//n):
    result.append("".join(chunk))

# result = ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'j']

其他回答

>>> from functools import reduce
>>> from operator import add
>>> from itertools import izip
>>> x = iter('1234567890')
>>> [reduce(add, tup) for tup in izip(x, x)]
['12', '34', '56', '78', '90']
>>> x = iter('1234567890')
>>> [reduce(add, tup) for tup in izip(x, x, x)]
['123', '456', '789']

我认为这比itertools版本更短,更可读:

def split_by_n(seq, n):
    '''A generator to divide a sequence into chunks of n units.'''
    while seq:
        yield seq[:n]
        seq = seq[n:]

print(list(split_by_n('1234567890', 2)))

more_itertools。切片之前提到过。下面是more_itertools库中的另外四个选项:

s = "1234567890"

["".join(c) for c in mit.grouper(2, s)]

["".join(c) for c in mit.chunked(s, 2)]

["".join(c) for c in mit.windowed(s, 2, step=2)]

["".join(c) for c in  mit.split_after(s, lambda x: int(x) % 2 == 0)]

后面的每个选项都会产生以下输出:

['12', '34', '56', '78', '90']

所讨论选项的文档:grouper, chunked, windosed, split_after

另一个使用groupby和index//n作为键来分组字母的解决方案:

from itertools import groupby

text = "abcdefghij"
n = 3

result = []
for idx, chunk in groupby(text, key=lambda x: x.index//n):
    result.append("".join(chunk))

# result = ['abc', 'def', 'ghi', 'j']

短字符串的简单递归解决方案:

def split(s, n):
    if len(s) < n:
        return []
    else:
        return [s[:n]] + split(s[n:], n)

print(split('1234567890', 2))

或以这样的形式:

def split(s, n):
    if len(s) < n:
        return []
    elif len(s) == n:
        return [s]
    else:
        return split(s[:n], n) + split(s[n:], n)

,它更明确地说明了递归方法中的典型分治模式(尽管实际上没有必要这样做)。