我正在Chrome中开发一个扩展,我想知道:当一个元素出现时,最好的方法是什么?使用纯javascript,间隔检查,直到一个元素存在,或jQuery有一些简单的方法来做到这一点?


当前回答

我使用这种方法等待一个元素出现,这样我就可以在那之后执行其他函数。

让我们说doTheRestOfTheStuff(参数)函数应该只在ID为the_Element_ID的元素出现或完成加载后调用,我们可以使用,

var existCondition = setInterval(function() {
 if ($('#the_Element_ID').length) {
    console.log("Exists!");
    clearInterval(existCondition);
    doTheRestOfTheStuff(parameters);
 }
}, 100); // check every 100ms

其他回答

你可以试试这个:

const wait_until_element_appear = setInterval(() => {
    if ($(element).length !== 0) {
        // some code
        clearInterval(wait_until_element_appear);
    }
}, 0);

这个办法对我很有效

我通常使用标签管理器的这个片段:

<script>
(function exists() {
  if (!document.querySelector('<selector>')) {
    return setTimeout(exists);
  }
  // code when element exists
})();  
</script>

这是一个纯Javascript函数,它允许你等待任何事情。设置更长的间隔,以占用更少的CPU资源。

/**
 * @brief Wait for something to be ready before triggering a timeout
 * @param {callback} isready Function which returns true when the thing we're waiting for has happened
 * @param {callback} success Function to call when the thing is ready
 * @param {callback} error Function to call if we time out before the event becomes ready
 * @param {int} count Number of times to retry the timeout (default 300 or 6s)
 * @param {int} interval Number of milliseconds to wait between attempts (default 20ms)
 */
function waitUntil(isready, success, error, count, interval){
    if (count === undefined) {
        count = 300;
    }
    if (interval === undefined) {
        interval = 20;
    }
    if (isready()) {
        success();
        return;
    }
    // The call back isn't ready. We need to wait for it
    setTimeout(function(){
        if (!count) {
            // We have run out of retries
            if (error !== undefined) {
                error();
            }
        } else {
            // Try again
            waitUntil(isready, success, error, count -1, interval);
        }
    }, interval);
}

要调用它,例如在jQuery中,使用如下代码:

waitUntil(function(){
    return $('#myelement').length > 0;
}, function(){
    alert("myelement now exists");
}, function(){
    alert("I'm bored. I give up.");
});

我采取@Yong Wong的解决方案,但它有一个可选的超时,你可以指定根节点从哪里你想等待元素。

完整的异步/等待。

const $ = (selector, opts) => {
  let timeout = undefined;
  let root = undefined;

  if (opts) {
    ({ root, timeout } = opts);
  }

  if (root === undefined) root = document.body;
  
  const nodeFound = root.querySelector(selector);
  if (nodeFound) return new Promise(resolve => resolve(nodeFound));

  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    let callback = () => {
      observer.disconnect();
    };

    const _resolve = (node) => {
      callback();
      resolve(node);
    };

    const _reject = (err) => {
      callback();
      reject(err);
    };

    if (timeout && timeout > 0) {
      const handle = setTimeout(() => {
        _reject(new Error("Element not found: timeout exceeded."));
      }, timeout);
      callback = () => {
        observer.disconnect();
        clearTimeout(handle);
      };
    }

    const observer = new MutationObserver(mutations => {
      for (const mutation of mutations) {
        for (const addedNode of mutation.addedNodes) {
          if (addedNode.matches(selector)) {
            _resolve(addedNode);
            return;
          }
        }
      }
    });

    observer.observe(root, {
      childList: true,
      subtree: true,
    });
  });
}

示例调用:

// wait for 10 seconds for 'div.bla-bla-bla' to appear as a child of 'div.some-container'
await $("div.bla-bla-bla", {
  timeout: 10000,
  root: document.querySelector("div.some-container") 
});

如果可以的话,我会尽量避开突变观察者,所以我想到了这个。它看起来类似于上面的一些其他答案。该函数将查找给定DOM调用中存在的第一个元素——className是预期的用法,但它也可以接受tagName或Id。如果您正在寻找具有给定类名或标记名的元素数量,则还可以为精确索引添加参数。

    async function waitUntilElementExits(domkey,domquery,maxtime){
        const delay = (ms) => new Promise(res => setTimeout(res, ms));
        for(let i=0; i<maxtime; i=i+200){
            await delay(200);
            let elm = document[domkey](domquery);
            if( (domkey == 'getElementById' && elm) || elm?.[0] ) break;
        }
    }
    // usage
    await waitUntilElementExits('getElementByClassName','some_class_name',10000)