这不是答案，只是个便条。如果插入的值是重复的，则像接受的答案中那样的查询将不起作用，就像下面这样:

INSERT INTO `addr` (`email`, `name`) 
  SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'user@domain.tld', 'user@domain.tld') AS tmp 
  WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT `email` FROM `addr` WHERE `email` LIKE 'user@domain.tld'
  );

Error
SQL query: Copy Documentation

MySQL said: Documentation

#1060 - Duplicate column name 'user@domain.tld'

相反，Mahbub Tito回答的问题很好:

INSERT INTO `addr` (`email`, `name`) 
  SELECT 'user@domain.tld', 'user@domain.tld' 
  WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT `email` FROM `addr` WHERE `email` LIKE 'user@domain.tld'
  );

1 row inserted.

在MariaDB中测试

如果真的无法在表上获得唯一索引，您可以尝试…

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
    SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022'
        FROM some_other_table
        WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT name
                              FROM table_listnames
                              WHERE name='Rupert')
        LIMIT 1;

我并不是建议你这样做，因为Piskvor和其他人建议的UNIQUE索引是一个更好的方法，但你实际上可以做你正在尝试的事情:

CREATE TABLE `table_listnames` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `address` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `tele` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

插入一个记录:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

尝试再次插入相同的记录:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Rupert', 'Somewhere', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

插入一条不同的记录:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'John', 'Doe', '022') AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'John'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+--------+-----------+------+
| id | name   | address   | tele |
+----+--------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert | Somewhere | 022  |
|  2 | John   | Doe       | 022  |
+----+--------+-----------+------+

等等……

更新:

为了防止#1060 -重复列名错误，如果两个值可能相等，你必须命名内部SELECT的列:

INSERT INTO table_listnames (name, address, tele)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT 'Unknown' AS name, 'Unknown' AS address, '022' AS tele) AS tmp
WHERE NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT name FROM table_listnames WHERE name = 'Rupert'
) LIMIT 1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

SELECT * FROM `table_listnames`;

+----+---------+-----------+------+
| id | name    | address   | tele |
+----+---------+-----------+------+
|  1 | Rupert  | Somewhere | 022  |
|  2 | John    | Doe       | 022  |
|  3 | Unknown | Unknown   | 022  |
+----+---------+-----------+------+

insert into customer_keyskill(customerID, keySkillID)
select  2,1 from dual
where not exists ( 
    select  customerID  from customer_keyskill 
    where customerID = 2 
    and keySkillID = 1 )

你可以简单地使用以下方法:

INSERT INTO ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE ...

通过这种方式，您可以插入任何新的原始数据，如果有重复的数据，则替换特定的列(最好的列是时间戳)。 例如:

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Devices (
  id         INT(6)       NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  unique_id  VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
  created_at VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY unique_id (unique_id),
  UNIQUE KEY id (id)
)
  CHARACTER SET utf8
  COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

INSERT INTO Devices(unique_id, time) 
VALUES('$device_id', '$current_time') 
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE time = '$current_time';

Brian Hooper: 你差不多说到点子上了，但是你的语法有个错误。你的插入永远不会起作用。我测试了我的数据库，这是正确的答案:

INSERT INTO podatki (datum,ura,meritev1,meritev1_sunki,impulzi1,meritev2,meritev2_sunki,impulzi2)
            SELECT '$datum', '$ura', '$meritve1','$sunki1','$impulzi1','$meritve2','$sunki2','$impulzi2'
                FROM dual
                WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT datum,ura
                                      FROM podatki
                                      WHERE datum='$datum' and ura='$ura'

这是y表的例子。插入几乎和Bian Hooper写的一样，除了我把select FROM DUAL ont从其他表中放出来。 向你致意，伊凡